Genomics

Explore and advance the understanding of genomic processes that drive species evolution and biodiversity by harnessing the vast potential of collections.

The advancement of DNA sequencing technology and the rapid expansion of reference genomes have provided new ways to monitor nature and transform biodiversity research.

Whole-genome sequences provide an accurate framework for classifying organisms. Combining this with the observable characteristics creates a new and more robust way to classify nature.

The collections we care for contain specimens gathered more than two centuries ago. They’re taxonomically and geographically rich, spanning extinct and endangered species, remote or inaccessible regions and representatives from across the tree of life.

The expansion of reference genomes enables us to interrogate these collections at the genomic scale to transform biodiversity research. As a major partner in global programmes to understand genomic biodiversity, we’ve been central to producing high-quality reference genomes, contributing more than 1,800 whole-genome assemblies and helping lead community standards for biodiversity genomics.

Techniques first developed for ancient DNA, which were once limited to woolly mammoths and early humans, are now applied to historical specimens in our stores. Combined with this expanding reference genome catalogue, they allow us to recover complete genomes from centuries-old samples, reconstruct evolutionary histories and track shifts in genetic diversity over time.

By pioneering these approaches, we turn collections into scientific powerhouses for decoding biodiversity’s evolution at an unprecedented scale. Our work closes critical taxonomic and geographic gaps in genomic representation, providing insights into mechanisms of evolution, adaptation and speciation. We use this evidence to inform global conservation strategies, biodiversity assessment and environmental policy, ensuring genomics serves both scientific discovery and real-world decision-making.

Projects