(a species of owlet moth (Noctuid)) Some caterpillars, after they emerge from their egg, can increase their weight by 25,000 times.

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DNA analysis

Looking at the genetic information, or DNA, from an animal or plant cell allows us to investigate how different organisms are related. Increasingly researchers are looking at the DNA of organisms to distinguish one species from another.

Genes are made up of DNA. Scientists analyse genes by taking a sample of DNA from an organism and sequencing it. We can compare these sequences to look at the similarities and differences between species. The more similar the sequences are, the more closely the organisms are related.

This kind of molecular analysis is adding a new type of knowledge to our collections, increasing the number of ways that our specimens can be used.

When analysing gene fragments, scientists usually use a technique called electrophoresis. This produces results in a visual way, making comparisons of gene sequences easier.

Computing power

Computers have transformed analysis of the groupings of organisms. Numerical analysis that would take months, or years, by hand is now carried out in minutes by desktop computers.

Imagine trying to use evidence from many different analytical tools to work out the possible relationships between a number of species. How many different options will there be to test?

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