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Ashmead, W.H. 1894, A synopsis of the Spalangiinae of North America. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington
3:36
(Parasitoid identification correct)
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Fry, J.M. 1989, Natural enemy databank, 1987. A catalogue of natural enemies of arthropods derived from records in the CIBC Natural Enemy Databank.
pp.30
CAB International, Wallingford, Oxford, UK
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Hall, R.D.; Fischer, F.J. 1989, Laboratory studies on the biology of Spalangia nigra (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Entomophaga
33(4):495
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Peck, O. 1963, A catalogue of the Nearctic Chalcidoidea (Insecta; Hymenoptera). Canadian Entomologist (Supplement)
30:598
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Smith, J.P.; Hall, R.D.; Thomas, G.D. 1987, Field parasitism of the stable fly (Diptera: Muscidae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America
80(3):391-397
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Watts, K.J.; Combs, R.L. jr 1977, Parasites of Haematobia irritans and other flies breeding in bovine feces in northeast Mississippi. Environmental Entomology
6(6):823-826
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