From:  Dave Walter <D.Walter@mailbox.uq.edu.au>
To: <acarology@nhm.ac.uk>
Date:  7/31/01 11:16
Subject:  clawed

Greetings,

And thanks to all who responded on my query on the tail end of
Tetranychus.  Bruce Halliday gets first prize for erudition and
Heather Proctor gets honorable mention for rubbing my nose in
Onychophora and pointing out that I should have been able to fill in
the elided 'o'.

I think I'll tell my students that Dufour was probably referring to
the two pairs of tenent hair-like claws in Tetranychus and that
Berlese's take on Oligonychus is a bit mysterious and ask them to
make their own interpretations.

This is probably a good time to point out an etymological mistake
that I make in 'Mites - Ecology, Evolution & Behaviour'.  On page
172, I claimed that erinea get their name from their red colour.
However, Carlos Flechtmann kindly (and privately) pointed out that
the word refers to the Greek for wool (or perhaps a hedgehog) and
refers to the tufts of hairs.

Cheers from the land of sheep,

Dave
--
Dr David Evans Walter
Department of Zoology & Entomology
The University of Queensland
St Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia

phone: 07-3365-1564
fax: (61) 7-3365-1655

The University of Queensland Remote Program in Entomology
http://www.uq.edu.au/entomology/remote.html
Cooperative Reseach Centre for Tropical Plant Protection
http://www.tpp.uq.edu.au/

Visit the Mite Image Gallery at:
http://www.uq.edu.au/entomology/mite/mitetxt.html
Acarina Collection:
http://www.uq.edu.au/entomology/museum/mites/miteord.html

Beta test the LucID keys to:
Families of Parasitiformes in Soil:
http://www.lucidcentral.com/keys/cpitt/public/Mites/Parasitiformes/Default.htm
Soil Microarthropods
http://www.lucidcentral.com/keys/cpitt/public/Mites/Microarthropods/Index.htm
Orders, Suborders and Cohorts of Mites in Soil
http://www.lucidcentral.com/keys/cpitt/public/Mites/Soil%20Mites/Index.htm
 

Dear Dave

 I venture to say it is

  Tetra  =  four

  onychos -  claws

   onyx, onychos, Greek - fingernail, talon, claw

  Oligo  =  few  (like on oligarchy - goverment of a few)
 

     Best wishes

      Carlos
 

On Mon, 30 Jul 2001, Dave Walter wrote:

> Hi all,
>
> Does anyone know the meaning of the -nychus end of Tetranychus,
> Oligonychus, etc.?  Presumably it's four and few of something?
>
> Cheers from Oz,
>
> Dave Walter
> --
> Dr David Evans Walter
> Department of Zoology & Entomology
> The University of Queensland
> St Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia
>
> phone: 07-3365-1564
> fax: (61) 7-3365-1655
>
> The University of Queensland Remote Program in Entomology
> http://www.uq.edu.au/entomology/remote.html
> Cooperative Reseach Centre for Tropical Plant Protection
> http://www.tpp.uq.edu.au/
>
> Visit the Mite Image Gallery at:
> http://www.uq.edu.au/entomology/mite/mitetxt.html
> Acarina Collection:
> http://www.uq.edu.au/entomology/museum/mites/miteord.html
>
> Beta test the LucID keys to:
> Families of Parasitiformes in Soil:
> http://www.lucidcentral.com/keys/cpitt/public/Mites/Parasitiformes/Default.htm
> Soil Microarthropods
> http://www.lucidcentral.com/keys/cpitt/public/Mites/Microarthropods/Index.htm
> Orders, Suborders and Cohorts of Mites in Soil
> http://www.lucidcentral.com/keys/cpitt/public/Mites/Soil%20Mites/Index.htm
>
 
 
 

CC: <acarology@nhm.ac.uk>

Dear all,

My French and Italian are rusty and my Greek never existed, but here's my
guess. The -nychus comes from onych (Greek), translated as claw or talon. In
Dufour's original description of Tetranychus, he says that the tarsi
"....termine par quatre ongles setiformes......", which I translate as
"terminating in four setiform claws".

Canestrini and Fanzago followed with Heteronychus, where they said "Le zampe
del primo pajo terminano con una robusta spina, diritta; le altre con un
ciuffetto di uncini". I translate this as "The first pair of legs end in a
straight robust spine, the others with a tufted claw", which is
self-explanatory. And I'm afraid Berlese has me stumped with Oligonychus.

Bruce Halliday

***********************************************************
Dr. R. B. Halliday
CSIRO Entomology
GPO Box 1700
Canberra ACT 2601
Australia

Telephone (02) 6246 4085
Mobile 0438 543509
International Telephone (61) (2) 6246 4085
Fax (02) 6246 4000
International Fax (61) (2) 6246 4000

E-mail bruceh@ento.csiro.au
http://www.ento.csiro.au/research/natres/natres.html
***********************************************************

Hi all,

Does anyone know the meaning of the -nychus end of Tetranychus,
Oligonychus, etc.?  Presumably it's four and few of something?

Cheers from Oz,

Dave Walter
--
Dr David Evans Walter
Department of Zoology & Entomology
The University of Queensland
St Lucia, QLD 4072 Australia

phone: 07-3365-1564
fax: (61) 7-3365-1655

The University of Queensland Remote Program in Entomology
http://www.uq.edu.au/entomology/remote.html
Cooperative Reseach Centre for Tropical Plant Protection
http://www.tpp.uq.edu.au/

Visit the Mite Image Gallery at:
http://www.uq.edu.au/entomology/mite/mitetxt.html
Acarina Collection:
http://www.uq.edu.au/entomology/museum/mites/miteord.html

Beta test the LucID keys to:
Families of Parasitiformes in Soil:
http://www.lucidcentral.com/keys/cpitt/public/Mites/Parasitiformes/Default.htm
Soil Microarthropods
http://www.lucidcentral.com/keys/cpitt/public/Mites/Microarthropods/Index.htm
Orders, Suborders and Cohorts of Mites in Soil
http://www.lucidcentral.com/keys/cpitt/public/Mites/Soil%20Mites/Index.htm

Hello,

I am in no way a scientist but I found your list by doing a search on
cyclamen mites.   I was told by a friend that cyclamen mites die when
plants are placed in bags for about 1.5 - 2 months.  I have searched the
net everywhere and cannot find anything written anywhere about this.
All I find is that Cyclamen mites thrive in humidity but nowhere does it mention that they will die in saturated air.  This method of bagging to
kill these pests seems a little too easy and too good to be true.  I am
part of a large group of people who share the passion of african
violets.  Cyclamen mites are unfortunately part of the game and then the
pesticides come in and play.

Can any of you confirm if this bagging could work or not and I would
love to hear your thoughts about neem oil to rid cyclamen mites.  If
neem oil would be applied to the plant or the soil, would the mites
actually starve to death or would the go into hybernation?

Thankyou all for your time, I extremely hope one of you will take the
time to answer.

Tina.

Dear All,

I am doing a PhD using a mite & collembola / moss system. I have little mite experience. I'm interested in 2 things;

1: Can anyone spare a bit of time to look at my collection of MOSS MITE MORPHOSPECIES (approx 30 morphospecies)? I'm looking for general info such as whether my morphospecies are likely to be different species or whether they are different stage of development or sex of the same species.

2: Is anyone working with MOSS MITES or has anyone worked with them in the past, who is willing to exchange emails from time to time about moss mites (e.g. on behaviour, culturing, identification, literature etc.)?

(For those who are interested, I'm using the moss / mite system as a microcosm for tests of the effectiveness of wildlife corridors)

Thanks for your attention,

Martin Hoyle.

I lost H.Hajiqanbar email to answer him for help on identification of some
Oribatid from Iran...
If he or anyone whoo knows it, please send it back to me again...
 

  _________________________
|     EDUARDO RUIZ        |
| Dep. Biologia Animal I  |
| Facultad de Biologia    |
| Universidad Complutense |
|    28040 - MADRID       |
|edruiz@eucmax.sim.ucm.es |
|_________________________|

To
acarology@nhm.ac.uk
Dear Acarologists

From August 1, 2001 I will not be available at . All of you are requested to
contact me at .

Sorry for  the inconvenience caused to you.

Thanking you
Dr. Asit K. Bhattacharyya
Desert Regional Station, Zoological Survey of India, Jhalamand, Pali Road,
Jodhpur 342 005, Rajasthan, INDIA
Telephone : + 0291 740 540, + 0291 746 213, Telefax : + 0291 748 551
E-mail :
 

Dr. Asit K. Bhattacharyya
Desert regional Station
Zoological Survey of India
Jhalamand, Pali road
Jodhpur 342 005
Rajasthan, iNDIA
Telephone : + 0291 740 540, + 0291 746 213
Telefax : + 0291 748 551
E-mail : asitzsi@usa.net
 
 

Pesticide
Fact Sheet

Name of Chemical:  Acibenzolar-S-Methyl
Reason for Issuance:  Conditional Registration
Date Issued:  August 11, 2000

DESCRIPTION OF CHEMICAL

Chemical Name:  benzo(1,2,3)thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid-S-methyl
ester

Common Name:  Acibenzolar-S-methyl
Trade Name:  Actigard

Chemical Class:  Benzothiadiazole

EPA Chemical Code:  061402

Chemical Abstracts
Service (CAS) Number:         135158-54-2
Year of Initial Registration:             2000

Pesticide Type:  Plant Activator
U.S. Producer:   Novartis Crop Protection, Inc.
                           P.O. Box 18300
                           Greensboro, NC 27419-8300

Use Pattern and Formulations

     Actigard 50WG is  a water-dispersible granular formulation
containing 50% active ingredient. Acibenzolar is a selective, systemic
compound which induces host plant resistance.  This is aunique mode of
action which mimics the natural systemic activated resistance (SAR)
response found in most plant species.  It has no direct effect on the target
pests.  Actigard is applied by ground or aerial equipment at the rate of
1.0 ounce of product per acre for the control of downy mildew on leafy
vegetables (including Brassica (cole) leafy vegetables, bacterial spot and
bacterial speck on tomatoes, and blue mold on tobacco.  Boost 500SC is
a soluble concentrate formulation which will be used only on bananas for
importation.  Acibenzolar-S-methyl Technical is a 98.6% solid (powder)
formulation and is intended for use only in the manufacturing of end-use
products.
 

Science Findings

Summary Science Statement:

     EPA has concluded from the review of the supporting data that there
are no risks of concern from the use of acibenzolar-S-methyl.  There was
no significant acute toxicity in a battery of acute toxicity studies and no
dermal sensitivity was detected with Actigard.  It was calculated
that the risk due to exposure to residues in food and water or in tobacco
was below the Agency's level of concern for all population subgroups,
including infants and children.  Risk from exposure of workers
(applicators and other handlers) was also below the Agency's level of
concern.  There are no residential uses of Actigard either registered or
pending.  The Agency also concluded that the use of Actigard for the
labeled uses is unlikely to represent a significant threat to non-target
organisms or the environment.

Physical/Chemical Properties:

Chemical Name: Benzo(1,2,3)thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid-S-methyl
ester
Molecular Formula: C8H6N2OS2
Molecular weight: 210.3 g/mole
Physical State: beige fine powder
Melting point: 132.9oC
Density:  1.54 X 103 g/cm3 at 22oC
Vapor pressure (25 C):  3.5 x 10-6 mm Hg
Henry's Constant:  1.26 X 10-7 atm m3 mole-1 (calc.)
Solubility: Water (25 C, pH 7.5-7.9): 7.7 mg/L (7.7 ppm)
log  Pow  :  3.1 @ 25oC
Water solubility of the degradate CGA-210007
(benzo[1,2,3]thiadiazole-7-carboxylic acid) is
approx. 225 ppm at 25oC pH 3.6-3.8
 

Acibenzolar-S-methyl
 

Toxicological Characteristics:

Acute effects.

   Technical-grade acibenzolar-S-methyl showed no significant acute
toxicity in a battery of acute toxicity tests (Toxicity Category III or IV,
all tests), but considerable skin sensitizing potential was demonstrated in
a dermal sensitization study in guinea pigs.  The formulated end-use
product (Actigard  50 WG) demonstrated no significant acute toxicity;
additionally, the end-use product did not show dermal sensitization in
guinea pigs.  Test results are as follows:

Test
Test Substance
Result
Toxicity Category

Acute Oral Toxicity
Acibenzolar-S-methyl
LD50 >5000 mg/kg
IV

Actigard 50WG
LD50 >5000 mg/kg
IV

Acute Dermal Toxicity
Acibenzolar-S-methyl
LD50 >2000 mg/kg
 III

Actigard 50WG
LD50 >2000 mg/kg
III

Acute Inhalation Tox.
Acibenzolar-S-methyl
LC50 >5.022 mg/L
IV

Actigard 50WG
LC50 >2.79   mg/L
IV

Primary Eye Irritation
Acibenzolar-S-methyl
Minimal
III
 

Actigard 50WG
Minimal
III

Primary Dermal Irritation
Acibenzolar-S-methyl
Slight
IV

Actigard 50WG
Moderate
III

Dermal Sensitization
Acibenzolar-S-methyl
Positive
N/A

Actigard 50WG
Negative
N/A

Subchronic and chronic effects:

     The results of the subchronic and chronic studies follow:
Toxicity Profile of Acibenzolar-S-Methyl and Related Chemicals*.
 

Guideline No./ Study
Type
Classification /Doses
Results
 

870.3100
90-Day oral toxicity
rats
Acceptable/guideline
M : 0, 2.42, 24.6, 126, 516
mg/kg/day;
F: 0, 2.64, 26.3, 131, 554
mg/kg/day
NOAEL: Males:126 mg/kg/day; Females: 131
mg/kg/day
LOAEL: Males = 516 mg/kg/day; Females = 554
mg/kg/day based on decreased mean body weights,
decreased food consumption and efficiency, and
increased liver and spleen weights with correlates of
glycogen deposition and hemosiderosis for the liver
and spleen, respectively.
 

870.3150
90-Day oral toxicity
dogs
Acceptable/guideline
M & F: 0, 10, 50, 200
mg/kg/day (capsules)
NOAEL = 50 mg/kg/day
LOAEL = 200 mg/kg/day based on regenerative
hemolytic anemia.
 

870.3200
21/28-Day dermal
toxicity
rats
Acceptable/guideline
M & F: 0, 10, 100, 1000
mg/kg/day
NOAEL = 1000 mg/kg/day
LOAEL = not identified
 

870.3700a
Prenatal
developmental
rats
Acceptable/guideline
F: 0,10, 50, 200, 400
mg/kg/day
Maternal NOAEL = 200 mg/kg/day
LOAEL = 400 mg/kg/day based on hemorrhagic
perineal discharge.
Developmental NOAEL = not identified (<10
mg/kg/day)
LOAEL = 10 mg/kg/day (lowest dose tested) based
on umbilical hernia.
 

870.3700b
Prenatal
developmental
rabbits
Acceptable/guideline
F: 0, 10, 50, 300, 600
mg/kg/day
Maternal NOAEL = 50 mg/kg/day
LOAEL = 300 mg/kg/day based on mortality, clinical
signs of toxicity, decreased maternal body weight and
food consumption.
Developmental NOAEL = 300 mg/kg/day
LOAEL = 600 mg/kg/day based on a marginal
increase in vertebral anomalies.
 

870.3800
Reproduction and
fertility effects
rats
Acceptable/guideline
M & F: 0, 1-3, 11-31, 105-
288, 223-604  mg/kg/day
Parental/Systemic NOAEL = 11-31 mg/kg/day
LOAEL = 105-288 mg/kg/day based on increased
weights and hemosiderosis of the spleen.
Reproductive NOAEL = 223-604 mg/kg/day
LOAEL > 223-604 mg/kg/day based on no effects.
Offspring NOAEL = 11-31 mg/kg/day
LOAEL = 105-288 mg/kg/day based on reduced pup
body weight gains and lower pup body weights
during lactation.
 

870.4100a
Chronic toxicity
rats
Acceptable/guideline
M: 0, 0.77, 7.77, 96.9, 312
mg/kg/day
F: 0, 0.90, 9.08, 111, 388
mg/kg/day
NOAEL = Males: 96.9 mg/kg/day; Females: 111
mg/kg/day
LOAEL = Males: 312 mg/kg/day; Females: 388
mg/kg/day based on decreased body weight, body
weight gain and food efficiency, mild hemolytic
anemia, and increased incidence of alveolar foam
cells (females only).
 

870.4100b
Chronic toxicity
dogs
Acceptable/guideline
M & F: 0, 5, 25, 200
mg/kg/day (capsules)
NOAEL = 25 mg/kg/day
LOAEL = 200 mg/kg/day based on effects consistent
with hemolytic anemia, including hematological
effects, hemosiderosis of the liver and spleen,
extramedullary hematopoiesis of the spleen, and
increased liver weights.
 

870.4200a
Carcinogenicity
 rats
Acceptable/guideline
M: 0, 0.77, 7.77, 96.9, 312
mg/kg/day
F: 0, 0.90, 9.08, 111, 388
mg/kg/day
NOAEL = Males: 96.9 mg/kg/day; Females: 111
mg/kg/day
LOAEL = Males: 312 mg/kg/day; Females: 388
mg/kg/day based on decreased body weight, body
weight gain and food efficiency, mild hemolytic
anemia, and increased incidence of alveolar foam
cells (females only).
No evidence of carcinogenicity
 

870.4200b
Carcinogenicity
mice
Acceptable/guideline
M: 0, 1.14, 11.1, 237, 698
mg/kg/day
F: 0, 1.14, 10.8, 234, 696
mg/kg/day
NOAEL =  Males:11.1 mg/kg/day; Females: 10.8
mg/kg/day
LOAEL = Males: 237 mg/kg/day; Females: 234
mg/kg/day based on mild hemolytic anemia and
hemosiderosis of the liver, spleen, and bone marrow,
and extramedullary hematopoiesis of the spleen.
No evidence of carcinogenicity
 

870.5100
Bacterial reverse
mutation assay (Ames
test)
Acceptable/guideline
312.5, 625, 1250, 2500, 5000
æg/plate
Negative with and without S-9 activation at 5000
æg/plate and less.
 

870.5100
Bacterial reverse
mutation assay (Ames
test)
Test Material: CGA-
362020 (isomer of
acibenzolar-S-methyl)
Acceptable/guideline
61.73 to 5000 æg/plate (+S-9)
30-86 to 2500 æg/plate (-S-9)
Positive in S. typhimurium strain TA1537 at 277.8
æg/plate and higher in the absence of S-9.  Negative
with S-9 activation at 5000 æg/plate and less.
 

870.5100
Bacterial reverse
mutation assay (Ames
test)
Test Material: NOA-
419191 (by-product of
acibenzolar-S-methyl)
Acceptable/guideline
312.5 to 5000 æg/plate (ñ S-9)
Negative with or without S-9 activation at 5000
æg/plate and less
 

870.5100
Bacterial reverse
mutation assay (Ames
test)
Test Material: CGA-
323060 (plant
metabolite of
acibenzolar-S-methyl)
Acceptable/guideline
312.5 to 5000 æg/plate (ñ S-9)
Negative with or without S-9 activation at 5000
æg/plate and less
 

870.5300
In vitro mammalian
gene mutation assay
Acceptable/guideline
3.70 to 100 æg/ml (-S-9),
37.04 to 1000 æg/ml (+S-9)
Negative with S-9 activation up to 1000æg/ml.
Negative without S-9 activation up to 100æg/ml.
Compound tested to cytotoxic concentrations.
 

870.5375
In vitro mammalian
chromosome
aberration (CHO
cells)
Acceptable/guideline
7.5 to 60 æg/ml (-S-9 and +S-
9)
Suggestive of clastogenicity in the absence of S-9
activation at 30 and 60 æg/mL at the 18-hour cell
harvest time; effect observed only in the presence of
cytotoxicity.  Increase in polyploid cells at 30 and 60
æg/mL at the 42 hour harvest time both with and
without S-9.  Evidence of cell cycle arresting activity
at G2.
 

870.5395
Mammalian
erythrocyte
micronucleus test
Acceptable/guideline
1000, 2000, 4000 mg/kg (oral
gavage)
Negative at 16, 24, and 48, hour sacrifices.
 

870.5550
UDS in primary rat
hepatocytes
Acceptable/guideline
9.77 to 500 æg/ml
Negative at 500 æg/ml and less.
 

870.7485
Metabolism and
pharmacokinetics
rats
Acceptable/guideline
0.5, 100 mg/kg
Following oral treatment of rats, acibenzolar-S-
methyl was rapidly and nearly completely (>90% of
administered dose) absorbed from the gastrointestinal
tract into the general circulation.   The majority  (88-
95%) of the administered dose was excreted in the
urine within the first 48 hours.  The major metabolite
(79-92%) in the urine was the carboxylic acid
derivative of the parent.
 

Special studies:

28-Day dietary
rats
 
 

Acceptable/nonguideline
M: 0, 45.9, 403, 1070
mg/kg/day; F: 0, 44.8, 376,
1000 mg/kg/day
 

NOAEL =  M: 403 mg/kg/day; F: 376 mg/kg/day
LOAEL = M: 1070 mg/kg/day; F: 1000 mg/kg/day
based on decreased mean body weights, decreased
liver weights, altered hematology parameters
accompanied by increased spleen weights.
 

28-Day oral gavage
rats
Acceptable/nonguideline
0, 10, 100, 800 mg/kg/day
NOAEL = 100 mg/kg/day
LOAEL = 800 mg/kg/day based on decreased body
weights, and decreased hemoglobin-related
parameters accompanied by hemosiderosis of the
spleen, increased liver and spleen weights, and
decreased thymus weights.
 

28-Day oral capsule
dogs
Acceptable/nonguideline
0, 50, 250, 500 mg/kg/day
NOAEL = 50 mg/kg/day
LOAEL = 250 mg/kg/day based on decreased body
weight, decreased hemoglobin-related parameters,
hepatic and splenic hemosiderosis.
 

90-Day Dietary
mice
Acceptable/nonguideline
M: 0, 30.6, 152, 624
mg/kg/day; F: 0, 47.4, 220,
803 mg/kg/day
NOAEL =  M: 30.6 mg/kg/day; F: 47.4 mg/kg/day
LOAEL = M: 152 mg/kg/day; F: 220 mg/kg/day
based on decreased mean body weights and body
weight gain in males, increased spleen weights and
splenic histopathology in both sexes.
 

Special
Developmental
toxicity
rats
Acceptable/nonguideline
300 mg/kg/day, GD 6-15, 6-7,
8-9, 10-11, 12-13, or 14-15
Maternal and developmental NOAELS and LOAELS
could not be identified by this protocol.  The most
pronounced maternal and developmental toxicity
occurred when dams were treated on GD 6-15.
 

Special
Developmental
toxicity
rats
Acceptable/nonguideline
400 mg/kg/day, GD 6-7, 8-9,
10-11, 12-13, or 14-15
Maternal and developmental NOAELS and LOAELS
could not be identified by this protocol.  The most
pronounced maternal and developmental toxicity
occurred when dams were treated on GD 6-7 and 8-9.
 

Dermal
developmental
toxicity
rats
Acceptable/nonguideline
0, 10, 100, 500 mg/kg/day,
GD 6-15
Maternal NOAEL ò500 mg/kg/day
LOAEL >500 mg/kg/day based on no effects.
Developmental NOAEL ò500 mg/kg/day
LOAEL >500 mg/kg/day based on no effects.
 

Range-finding
1-generation
reproduction
rats
Acceptable/nonguideline
0, 199-209, 382-410, 700-728
mg/kg/day

Parental/Systemic NOAEL = 209 mg/kg/day
LOAEL = 410 mg/kg/day based on decreased body
weight gain and food consumption in females.
Reproductive NOAEL = 410 mg/kg/day
LOAEL = 728 mg/kg/day based on total resorptions
in all dams.
Offspring NOAEL = 209 mg/kg/day
LOAEL = 410 mg/kg/day based on reduced pup body
weight gains and lower pup body weights during
lactation.
 

* All studies performed on technical-grade acibenzolar-S-methyl unless
otherwise indicated; CGA-362020
(isomer of Acibenzolar-S-Methyl, 99%); NOA-419191 (by-product of
Acibenzolar-S-Methyl, 98%); CGA-
323060 (plant metabolite of Acibenzolar-S-Methyl, 98%)
 
 

Summary of Toxicology Findings.

     In chronic and subchronic oral studies with rats, dogs, and mice, signs
of mild regenerative hemolytic anemia were consistently observed at or
slightly above the LOAEL.  Decreases in body weight, body weight gain,
and/or food consumption were also observed in these studies.  In
rats and mice, acibenzolar-S-methyl was negative for carcinogenicity and
in a battery of mutagenicity studies, technical-grade
acibenzolar-S-methyl results were negative except in an in vitro
chromosome aberration study with Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells.
The results from this test, however, are considered only suggestive of a
possible aneuploidy effect.  Positive results in a S. typhimurium reverse
gene mutation assay were observed in a study conducted with a structural
isomer (CGA-362020) of acibenzolar-S-methyl.  Since this isomer is
found at low levels (ó0.1%) in some batches of technical-grade
acibenzolar-S-methyl manufactured by a new "thiazole process," full
batteries of mutagenicity studies with CGA-362020 and with
acibenzolar-S-methyl manufactured by the "thiazole process" are
required.

     Of significant toxicological concern was the finding of
treatment-related developmental malformations, anomalies and
variations in the developmental toxicity study in rats at dose levels
equal to or below the NOAEL for maternal toxicity.  At the highest dose
level tested in this study (400 mg/kg/day), both maternal toxicity
(hemorrhagic perineal discharge) and considerable developmental
toxicity (including total litter resorptions, and fetal malformations,
anomalies and variations) were observed.  The fetal malformations noted
at this dose level included treatment-related effects on nervous system
tissues (hydrocephaly, craniorachisis and anophthalmia/
microphthalmia).  At the lowest dose level tested (10 mg/kg/day),
treatment-related umbilical hernias (considered to be a midline closure
defect, along with omphalocele and gastroschisis which were observed at
higher dose levels) were also observed.  Therefore, no NOAEL for
developmental toxicity was observed in this study and increased
susceptibility of rat fetuses (as compared to adults) was evident.  Further,
in additional studies in rats, it was demonstrated that as few as two doses
of test material could cause hemorrhagic perineal discharge and complete
litter resorptions in dams.  A similar increased susceptibility of fetuses or
pups (as compared to adults) was not observed in a developmental
toxicity study in rabbits or in a 2-generation or 1-generation
(range-finding) study in rats.

 Occupational and Residential Exposure and Risk Characterization.

     Application of acibenzolar-S-methyl may be by ground or aerial
equipment and may occur up to 6 times per growing season.  Short- and
intermediate-term exposures may occur.  Chronic exposures are not
expected.  Potential mixer/loader and applicator exposures were
estimated and assessed for both dermal and inhalation routes.  The
calculated margins of exposure (MOEs) for mixer/loaders and
applicators range from 42,000 to 880,000 for dermal exposure and from
72,000 to 810,000 for inhalation exposure.  The post application
exposure was calculated based on hand harvesting of tomatoes for an
exposure period of 8 hours.  The post application MOE was estimated to
be 5,400 on day 0 after application.  The calculated MOEs for
occupational exposure do no exceed the Agency's level of concern.

     At present there are no registered or proposed residential uses of
acibenzolar-S-methyl.  Therefore, a residential risk assessment was not
performed.  Since the registration of acibenzolar-S-methyl includes use
on tobacco, an exposure assessment of risk from tobacco use was
conducted.  The short-term inhalation LOAEL is 10 mg/kg/day based on
an oral rat development study.  The short-term MOE for exposure
through the use of tobacco is greater than 500,000 and is below the
Agency's level of concern.

 Aggregate Exposure and Risk Characterization.

           1.  General Considerations.

     Based on the toxicological data base, the HED Hazard Identification
Assessment Review Committee selected endpoints for acute dietary
(females 13-50 only), chronic dietary (separate reference doses for
females 13-50 versus all other population subgroups), dermal, and
inhalation routes of exposure.

     The FQPA safety factor for acibenzolar-S-methyl has been retained at
10X when assessing acute and chronic dietary exposures for the females
aged 13-50 years population subgroup.  When assessing chronic dietary
exposure for other populations, the FQPA safety factor was reduced to
3X.  The Safety Factor Committee determined that the factor is required
based on the demonstrated increased susceptibility of fetuses (compared
to dams) in the rat developmental study, the observed developmental
malformations in rat fetuses at the lowest dose tested, and the
requirement for a developmental neurotoxicity study in rats.

     The tolerance expression for acibenzolar-S-methyl is for residues
convertible to benzo(1,2,3)thiadiazole-7-carboxylic acid (a.k.a.
CGA-210007), expressed as acibenzolar.  For purposes of risk
assessment, residues of the 4- and 5-hydroxy metabolites (CGA-324041
and CGA-323060) of CGA-210007 should also be considered.  For this
purpose, the toxicity of CGA-324041 and CGA-323060 should be
considered equivalent to that of the parent compound acibenzolar.  These
residues occur in significant quantities in lettuce and tomato.  At this
time, acibenzolar-S-methyl does not have common metabolites with
other agrochemicals.  The residues of concern for drinking water are the
same as those listed in the tolerance expression; that is, residues
convertible to CGA-210007.

            2.  Food.

            An acute dietary exposure assessment (food only) was performed
using the distribution of residues observed in the crop field trials and the
projected percent market share for the crops involved. The analysis used
the Dietary Exposure Evaluation Model (DEEM) to develop
exposure and risk estimates for the population subgroup females 13 - 50
years of age.  The refined dietary exposure estimate for this subgroup is
0.0029 mg/kg/day.  This is equivalent to 87% of the acute
population-adjusted dose (aPAD).  This risk estimate does not exceed the
Agency's level of concern.

           A chronic dietary exposure assessment using residue levels at the
tolerance level and 100% of crop treated was performed using DEEM
coupled with the 1989-1992 CSFII.  The estimated dietary (food only)
risks are generally less than 10% of the chronic population-adjusted
dose (cPAD).  An exception to this, due to the 10X FQPA safety factor,
is the female 13+ population subgroups, which have risk estimates on the
order of 52% of the cPAD.  Risk estimates for all population subgroups,
including infants and children, are below the Agency's
level of concern.

           3.  Water.

            In drinking water, the residues of concern are
acibenzolar-S-methyl and its degradate CGA-210007.  These residues are
non-persistent to slightly persistent in the environment under aerobic
aquatic conditions in and are unlikely to reach surface or ground water.
In an anaerobic aquatic environment, acibenzolar-S-methyl is considered
to be slightly to moderately persistent.  The Tier I estimated
environmental concentrations (EECs) for acibenzolar-S-methyl from the
GENEEC surface water model are 640 parts per trillion (ppt) and 20 ppt
for the acute (peak) and chronic (56-day) values.  The acute and chronic
ground water EECs are both negligible.

 Aggregate Risk Assessments and Risk Characterization.

          Since there are no requested residential use sites for acibenzolar
and current OPP policy does not include tobacco use when aggregating
sources of exposure, only dietary exposure (food plus drinking water)
will be considered when assessing aggregate risk for the requested uses
of acibenzolar.

     The estimated acute exposure to acibenzolar-S-methyl from food is
0.0029 mg/kg/day.  This exposure estimate is rather refined,
incorporating field trial distributions and projected percent market share
data and reflects the 99.9th percentile of exposure for the population
subgroup females 13-50 years of age (the only population subgroup of
concern for acute dietary exposure).  Based on the aPAD of 0.0033
mg/kg/day for this exposure scenario/population subgroup, the maximum
allowable exposure to acibenzolar-S-methyl from drinking water is
0.0004 mg/kg/day (0.0033 mg/kg/day - 0.0029 mg/kg/day).  Using HED
default assumptions of 2 L/day adult drinking water consumption and 60
kg body weight for adult females, this results in an acute drinking water
level of comparison (DWLOC) of 12 æg/L.  The acute EEC from
GENEEC for acibenzolar-S-methyl is 640 ppt, or 0.64 æg/L and does not
include estimated concentrations of CGA-210007.  This EEC is well
below the acute DWLOC.  The EEC is the result of a Tier-1 analysis and
as such is a conservative estimate.  This, coupled with the degree
of difference between the acute DWLOC and the acute EEC make it
extremely unlikely that actual residues of concern for
acibenzolar-S-methyl (including CGA-210007) will exceed the
DWLOC.

     The acute aggregate risk from exposure to acibenzolar-S-methyl
residues is unlikely to exceed the Agency's level of concern for females
13-50 years old, the population subgroup of concern for acute exposure
to acibenzolar.  The Agency concludes that there is reasonable
certainty that no harm will result to the populations of concern from
acute aggregate exposure to residues of acibenzolar.

     The chronic, Tier 1 EEC for acibenzolar-S-methyl is 20 ppt.
Although the EEC does not include estimated concentrations of
CGA-210007, it is sufficient for purposes of this risk assessment.  The
EEC is the result of a Tier-1 analysis and as such is a conservative
estimate.   The modeled chronic dietary (food only) exposures are also
conservative, Tier 1 estimates; thus, the resulting chronic aggregate risk
estimates shown are highly conservative in nature.  Even without further
refinement, the chronic aggregate risks from exposure to
acibenzolar-S-methyl residues do not exceed the Agency's level of
concern for the general U.S. population or any population subgroup.  It is
concluded that there is reasonable certainty that no harm will result to
adults, infants, or children from chronic aggregate exposure to residues
of acibenzolar.

Additional Toxicology Data Requirements:

     The following toxicology data needs are conditions of registration:

     Developmental neurotoxicity study in rats.
     Subchronic neurotoxicity study in rats.
     Mutagenicity study (Ames assay with both incorporation and
pre-incubation) performed on technical-grade acibenzolar-S-methyl
prepared by the new "thiazole" production process.

Ecological Effects/Environmental Fate Characteristics:

          1.  Environmental Fate Summary:

          Acibenzolar (Actigard; CGA-245704) readily degrades under
environmental conditions by abiotic and biotic processes.  Degradation
was rapid by photolysis in water and on soil at relevant environmental
photoperiods and considerably less rapid hydrolytically at relevant
environmental pH's (pH 6-9). The major degradates observed were
benzo[1,2,3]thiadiazole-7-carboxylic acid (CGA 210007) in the
hydrolysis and soil photolysis studies (up to 100 percent) with
considerably lesser amounts found in the photolysis in water study (8.4
percent).  The major degradate in the photolysis in water study was CO2
(>33 percent).  Other degradates identified that may be of toxicological
concern were CGA 323060 and 324041 (hydroxy-metabolites from the
photolysis on soil study).  These were found in amounts not exceeding
0.5 percent.

           Biotically, Acibenzolar rapidly degraded on soil (5 hours) and
water (<1 day) aerobically, and was somewhat slower in water
anaerobically indicating a biphasic pattern of decline (4 days
followed by 95 days). The major degradate was again CGA 210007 (up
to 88 percent), but in the aerobic soil study, significant degradation of
CGA 210007 was observed (calculated half-life of 16.5 days).  Under
anaerobic conditions in water, CGA 210007 showed very little
degradation by the end of the study (day 360).  No other degradates that
may be of toxicological concern were identified.

           Regarding mobility of Acibenzolar, adsorption and terrestrial field
studies indicate that movement below the top 3 inches is unlikely.
Although Acibenzolar would sorb to soils and sediments, degradation is
the principal impediment to leaching.  Additionally, Acibenzolar
would not be expected to accumulate in sediments due to the rapid
metabolism under aerobic conditions. The major degradate, CGA
210007, is more mobile and if it reaches depths below which aerobic
metabolism is likely, may be found in groundwater due to its
substantially longer half-life under anaerobic conditions.
 
 

          2.  Ecological Effects Summary:

          The acute toxicity of Acibenzolar-S-methyl, based on the
maximum application rate is summarized below.

Summary of  Terrestrial Ecotoxicity Studies Using Acibenzolar (97.9%
ai)

Species
Toxicity Value
Toxicity Category
MRID
 
 

Mallard Duck

Acute oral  LD50 >2000 mg/kg
Practically nontoxic
44537004
Subacute Dietary LC50 >5000 ppm
Practically nontoxic
44537008
Avian Reproduction                       -
44537010
NOAEC = 1000 ppm;
LOAEC  not determined1
 

Bobwhite

Acute oral  LD50 >2000 mg/kg
Practically nontoxic
44537005
Subacute Dietary  LC50 >5000 ppm
Practically nontoxic
44537006
Avian Reproduction
44537009
NOAEC = 600 ppm;
LOAEC= 1000 ppm2
 

Rat
Acute oral LD50 >5000 mg/kg
Practically nontoxic
44537007
90-day subchronic rat feeding
NOAEC =400 ppm3
Two-generation rat reproduction
NOAEC =200 ppm3

Honey Bee
LD50  > 100ug per bee
Practically nontoxic
44537033
 

Seedling Emergence

Tomato (Dicot)
21% shoot length inhibition4
44537028

Wheat   (Monocot)
11% plant dry weight inhibition4
 44537028

Vegetative Vigor
Tomato (Dicot)
10% plant dry weight inhibition4
44537029

 Ryegrass (Monocot)
10% plant dry weight Inhibition4
44537029
 
 

Summary of Aquatic Ecotoxicity Studies Using Acibenzolar (98% ai)
 
 

Species
Toxicity Value
Toxicity Category
MRID
Classification

FRESHWATER ANIMALS

Rainbow Trout
LC50 = 0.88 ppm
 Highly toxic
44537013
Core
Fish early life stage
44537019
Core
NOAEC =  26 ppb
LOAEC =  54 ppb  (most sensitive
endpoint was growth; weight)

Bluegill
 LC50 = 1.6 ppm
Moderately toxic
44537011
Core

Water Flea
LC50 = 2.9 ppm
Moderately toxic
44537014
Core
Life Cycle Test
44537020
Core
NOAEC  =  48 ppb
LOAEC =   87 ppb (most sensitive
endpoint was growth; length and weight)

ESTUARINE ANIMALS

Sheepshead Minnow
LC50 = 1.7 ppm
Moderately toxic
 44537016
Core

Eastern Oyster
EC50 = 0.59 ppm
Highly toxic
 44537017
Core

Mysid Shrimp
LC50 = 0.88 ppm
Highly toxic        44537018
 Core

AQUATIC PLANTS

Green Algae
EC50 = 3.3 ppm
44537030
Core

Duckweed
EC50 = 0.312 ppm
44537030
Core
 

Note: Studies were conducted under flow-through conditions for animal
studies Novartis submitted three aquatic toxicity studies using the
degradate, CGA-210007 (97% ai), which demonstrate minimal toxicity
to aquatic organisms.   These studies are scientifically
sound, but were classified supplemental (see footnotes in Table 6 below).

Summary of Aquatic Ecotoxicity Studies Using the Degradate
CGA-210007 (97% ai)3
 

Rainbow Trout
Acute LC50 >92 ppm
Practically nontoxic
44537012
Supplemental1

Water Flea
Acute LC50 = 59.9 ppm
Practically nontoxic
 44537015
Core

Green Algae
S. capricornutum
EC50 = 80.1 ppm                               -
44537031
Supplemental2
 

1 Only seven fish were tested per group rather than the recommended
30 fish per group.
2 The study was conducted for 3 days rather than the recommended
4 or 5 days.
3 Studies were conducted under static conditions for animal studies

Summary of Ecotoxicity Studies.
Acibenzolar-S-methyl was found to be:

     a.  practically non-toxic to terrestrial animals on an acute and
subacute basis

     b.  practically nontoxic to insects

     c.  moderately to highly toxic to freshwater and estuarine aquatic
animals on an acute basis with a narrow range of  toxicity values
(i.e., 0.6 ppm for eastern oyster to 2.9 ppm for daphnid)

     d.  toxic to aquatic plants

     e.  avian reproduction NOAEL of  600 ppm based on a reduction in
14-day old survivor weights and the percentage of 14-day old hatchling
survivors per normal hatching, LOAEC was 1000 ppm.

     f.  freshwater fish early life stage NOAEC of 26 ppb based on growth
reduction (wet/dry weight) effects; LOAEC was 54 ppb

     g.  freshwater invertebrate life cycle NOAEC of 48 ppb based on
growth reduction (length/dry weight) effects; LOAEC was 87 ppb

Environmental Risk Assessment.

               Based on combined environmental exposure and ecological
toxicity, it is unlikely Acibenzolar will pose a risk of acute or chronic
toxicity to nontarget animals.

Additional Environmental Data Requirements:

     The following environmental data needs are conditions of
registration:

     Soil photolysis study
     Aerobic soil metabolism study
     Aerobic aquatic metabolism study
     Batch equilibrium study
 

Contact person at EPA.

Mailing address:

          Daniel C. Kenny
          Acting Product Manager (22)
          Environmental Protection Agency
          Office of Pesticide Programs
          Registration Division (7505C)
          Fungicide Branch
          1200 Pennsylvania Avenue NW
          Washington, D.C. 20460

Office location and telephone number:

          Room 249, Crystal Mall #2
          1921 Jefferson Davis Highway
          Arlington, VA  22202
          703-305-7740

DISCLAIMER:  The information in this Pesticide Fact Sheet is for
information only and is not to be used to satisfy data requirements for
pesticide registration.  The information is believed to be accurate as of
the date on the document.

http://www.epa.gov/opprd001/factsheets/acibenzolar.txt

Hallo evrybody.
   I shoul be much obliged for sending me the e-mail directions of
Dr. Hans Dautel from Freie Universitat Berlin and of Dr. Sergiey Leonovich from Institute of Zoology, Russian Academi of Sciences, Saint Petersburg.
     Thank you.
                               F.Dusbabek

Check the chemical label of ACTIGARD or its MSDS to find out its
inhalation, dermal, ingestion toxicity. Here is the internet address:
www.cdms.net. The MSDS should tell all that you need. It is interesting
how it is being used to apply to mattresses to control mites, when it is a
plant activator.

Sabina

____________________________________
Sabina F. Swift
Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences
University of Hawaii at Manoa
3050 Maile Way, Gilmore 310
Honolulu, Hawaii 96822-2271
Phone: (808) 956-2445
Fax: (808) 956-2428
E-mail: sabina@hawaii.edu

On Tue, 24 Jul 2001, Celso H Oliveira wrote:

> Dear all,
>
>
> About the acaricide procuct ACTIGARD which is added in mattressess.
>
> There is a merchandising site (find below) that presents the product. There
> are no explanations about the chemical aspects or mode of action, however
> there is a study of Dr. F de Blay from France that was published in the
> journal "Allergy" 1999;54(suppl52) (pages ??). I could not read this paper
> yet, but according to the abstract in the site the product could reduce the
> mite allergen concentration in mattressess and rugs (see the document .pdf
> in the site).
>
> I have tryed to contact Dr Blay, but I had no response until now.
>
> PS - I would like to thanks every information and help I have receved.
>
>
> Celso H Oliveira
> Brazil
>
>
> http://www.sanitized.com/flash.html
>
>
>
>
>
> Celso H Oliveira wrote:
>
> > Dear all,
> >
> > here in Brazil some mattress industries have used a acaricide product
> > named ACTGARD or ACTIGARD. The information about it is pretty poor.
> > Using internet search I could find that the substance associated with
> > the product may be benzothiadiazole (FDA register number 14236,
> > 07/06/1999) from Ronner Ltd.
> > Apparently, this product have been used in tomatoes and other plants
> > cultures also to 'protect' the plant from mite attact, but new studies
> > are still necessary.
> >
> > Does anyone know the product ? Is it really used to kill mites or ticks
> > ? Can it be used in mattressess ??? Is it toxic for humans ??
> >
> > Thanks a lot and have a good day.
> >
> > Celso H Oliveira
> > Campinas - SP
> > Brazil
>
>
>
 
 
 

CC: "acarology@nhm.ac.uk" <acarology@nhm.ac.uk>

Dear all,
 

About the acaricide procuct ACTIGARD which is added in mattressess.

There is a merchandising site (find below) that presents the product. There
are no explanations about the chemical aspects or mode of action, however
there is a study of Dr. F de Blay from France that was published in the
journal "Allergy" 1999;54(suppl52) (pages ??). I could not read this paper
yet, but according to the abstract in the site the product could reduce the
mite allergen concentration in mattressess and rugs (see the document .pdf
in the site).

I have tryed to contact Dr Blay, but I had no response until now.

PS - I would like to thanks every information and help I have receved.
 

Celso H Oliveira
Brazil
 

http://www.sanitized.com/flash.html
 
 
 
 

Celso H Oliveira wrote:

> Dear all,
>
> here in Brazil some mattress industries have used a acaricide product
> named ACTGARD or ACTIGARD. The information about it is pretty poor.
> Using internet search I could find that the substance associated with
> the product may be benzothiadiazole (FDA register number 14236,
> 07/06/1999) from Ronner Ltd.
> Apparently, this product have been used in tomatoes and other plants
> cultures also to 'protect' the plant from mite attact, but new studies
> are still necessary.
>
> Does anyone know the product ? Is it really used to kill mites or ticks
> ? Can it be used in mattressess ??? Is it toxic for humans ??
>
> Thanks a lot and have a good day.
>
> Celso H Oliveira
> Campinas - SP
> Brazil

Dear acarologists-

I live in temperate (although today, subtropical) eastern United States in
New Jersey and observed a large (staghorn?) beetle with mites underneath it.
When I turned the beetle over (ventral side up), the mites seemed to engage
in some sort of negative phototropism and head for the shady, dorsal side.
Any idea what these are?  I took a photograph with a macro lens, which I can
send by e-mail (I hope).

Jim Occi

I@m Researcher Naomi Cuervo, I work as Vice president of the Institute on Ecology and Systematics of the Envirnmental Agency of Cuba.
I have a project about feather mites very interesting because I have some new species related with this host that existed in Cuba (only one specimen in collection). These new species are also extinct because the host ( Ara tricolor) is extinct in Cuba.
I@m aware that in different german museums exist 15 skins of Ara tricolor.
Please, I need to know how I can applicate for to visit some of the museums in Germany that contain skins of Ara tricolor, Fam. Psittacidae, Aves.
The reason of my request is that we don@t have monetary resources for the trip in order of the economical difficulties of our country-Cuba.
I@ll be very grateful to here from one of my new colleagues that is willing to help in this work.
Please send your response to zoologia.ies@ama.cu
Many thanks in advance.
Bye
 

I can only think of Dr. Juan Morales-Malacara of UNAM. He recently worked
on the ectoparasitic Mesostigmata at the Bishop Museum for 11 days. He
works on the families Macronyssidae and Spinturnicidae.
You can reach him by e-mail but I don't have his address accessible right
at this moment.

Aloha.

Sabina

____________________________________
Sabina F. Swift
Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences
University of Hawaii at Manoa
3050 Maile Way, Gilmore 310
Honolulu, Hawaii 96822-2271
Phone: (808) 956-2445
Fax: (808) 956-2428
E-mail: sabina@hawaii.edu

On Mon, 23 Jul 2001, Edu wrote:

> Help required:
>
> We need a specialist in Mesostigmata Parasitiformes (preferently in
> Rhinonyssidae)
> , to evaluate a paper of the Real Sociedad Espa±ola de Historia Natural.
> Paper is written in spanish.
>
> Any help will be wellcome...
>
> Thanks in advance,
>
>
>
>
>   _________________________
> |     EDUARDO RUIZ        |
> | Dep. Biologia Animal I  |
> | Facultad de Biologia    |
> | Universidad Complutense |
> |    28040 - MADRID       |
> |edruiz@eucmax.sim.ucm.es |
> |_________________________|
>
>
>
 
 
 
 

CC: <acarology@nhm.ac.uk>

Help required:

We need a specialist in Mesostigmata Parasitiformes (preferently in
Rhinonyssidae)
, to evaluate a paper of the Real Sociedad Española de Historia Natural.
Paper is written in spanish.

Any help will be wellcome...

Thanks in advance,
 
 
 

  _________________________
|     EDUARDO RUIZ        |
| Dep. Biologia Animal I  |
| Facultad de Biologia    |
| Universidad Complutense |
|    28040 - MADRID       |
|edruiz@eucmax.sim.ucm.es |
|_________________________|
 

Dear All,

I am a coleopterist currently working on my PhD thesis : Biology, Systematics
and Phylogeny of the Chironidae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeoidea). I found some
phoretic mites (probably hypopes and adults of the same species) under the
elytra of Chiron senegalensis (collected in Senegal).
I would be very grateful to know which specialist could identify phoretic mites
from Africa (in order to send him those specimens to identification).

Thank you very much in advance for the help,

Best regards,

Jean-Bernard

Jean-Bernard Huchet
7, rue des Capérans
33 000 Bordeaux
FRANCE

e-mail :jbhuchet@club-internet.fr
http://www-museum.unl.edu/research/entomology/workers/alpha.htm

Dear all,

here in Brazil some mattress industries have used a acaricide product
named ACTGARD or ACTIGARD. The information about it is pretty poor.
Using internet search I could find that the substance associated with
the product may be benzothiadiazole (FDA register number 14236,
07/06/1999) from Ronner Ltd.
Apparently, this product have been used in tomatoes and other plants
cultures also to 'protect' the plant from mite attact, but new studies
are still necessary.

Does anyone know the product ? Is it really used to kill mites or ticks
? Can it be used in mattressess ??? Is it toxic for humans ??
 

Thanks a lot and have a good day.

Celso H Oliveira
Campinas - SP
Brazil

From: "Mariana" <mariana@imr.gov.my>
To: <acarology@nhm.ac.uk>
Subject: Attachment training
Date: Wed, 18 Jul 2001 19:39:06 +0800

Dear colleagues,
I would be very grateful if your lab could provide me with any or all of
these trainings:

i)  Ecological and host vector studies on acarine vectors of human  infection
ii)  Detection, isolation and characterization of pathogens and toxins
in acarine vectors
iii)  Use of molecular techniques for identification of pathogens
iv)  Development of a specific diagnostic method for a particular pathogen
v)  Toxicological study of isolated neurotoxins from ticks
vi)  Development of vaccines for protecting human against acarines
Mind if U could give me the cost (+ lodging) and duration of each =
training. I would like to be attached somewhere Oct/Nov/Dec.  If I can't
get the budget approve this year, I'll make it possible somewhere early
next year.  Please give suggestion/s to where I should be attached if
your lab/university didn't provide any of these trainings.

Thanks in advance for your help and suggestions.

Mariana Ahamad
Research Officer,
Infectious Disease Research Centre (Acarology),
Institute for Medical Research,
50588 Kuala Lumpur.

**** Please reply directly to: MrsComputerhead@aol.com

From: MrsComputerhead@aol.com
Date: Wed, 18 Jul 2001 18:57:29 EDT
Subject: Mini Mini Black Spot Bugs
To: acarology@nhm.ac.uk

We live in South Carolina and my daughter came in from walking the dogs and
being in the brush and had a infestation of tiny black dot bugs tiny tiny
crawling up her arm and she thinks they are baby ticks. Believe me they were
minute. What do you think? Is she right? Thanks. Marilyn Cowles

Dear Colleagues: I am interested to have the electronic address of Dr.F.
Kuhnert who works in the Institute of Zoology, University of Neuchatel,
Switzerland. Thanks in advance. Rafael.

From tg@cri.co.za Fri Jul 13 10:12:17 2001
Subject: Day length effect on rearing of Tyrophagus putrescentiae?
To: acarology@nhm.ac.uk
Date: Fri, 13 Jul 2001 11:14:49 +0200

Dear acarologists

I have been rearing T. putrescentiae for about 2 years in the laboratory
with relatively constant temperature and humidity levels.  However, the
rate of population increase slows each winter.  Does anyone know whether
day length may effect the reproductive rate of this mite?

Thank you.

Tim

Tim G Grout, PhD
Programme Manager: IPM
Citrus Research International
P O Box 28, Nelspruit, 1200 South Africa
Phone +27 13 759 8048  Fax +27 13 744 0578
Email address: tg@cri.co.za

Hie everybody !

I reply to the list because this may concern other students or acarologists !
The SIALF (Société Internationale des Acarologues de Langue Française) will
organize in Rennes in 2002 (3-12 october) the 12 th International course in
Acarology, possibly with the help of EURAAC.
The general theme is Molecular markers in Acarology (not only on ticks but
you may find what you are looking for !).
Courses will be given in two languages, part in French and part in English.
The organizer will be Professor Jean DEUNFF.
This course was proposed in 2000 but was cancelled for technical reasons.

Informations will be given later this summer ...
Look at your mail box !

Best regards,

Serge KREITER

A 15:26 10/07/01 +1200, Zhi-Qiang Zhang a écrit :
>PLEASE REPLY TO piazak@institute.pasteur.ac.ir
>
>From: "Norair Piazak" <piazak@institute.pasteur.ac.ir>
>To: <acarology@nhm.ac.uk>
>Subject: Request for subbatical course
>Date: Mon, 9 Jul 2001 19:26:25 +0430
>
>Hello to everybody
>I would like to participate in sabbatical or a training course
>on molecular acarology (ticks),can somebody help me ?
>Thanks in advance
>Dr.piazak
>Medical entomologist
>Address: Parasitology dept.Pasteur Institute of Iran
>Farvardin St.,Iran
>E-mail:piazak@Institute.pasteur.ac.ir
>E-mail:piazak@yahoo.com
>
>+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+++
>WARNING: This email and any attachments may be confidential and/or
privileged.
>They are intended for the addressee only and are not to be read, used, copied
>or disseminated by anyone receiving them in error.  If you are not the
intended
>recipient, please notify the sender by return email and delete this message
>and any attachments.
>
>The views expressed in this email are those of the sender and do not
necessarily
>reflect the official views of Landcare Research.
>
>Landcare Research
>http://www.landcare.cri.nz
>+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
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>
>
>
>
>
*******************************************************
      Professeur Serge KREITER
Directeur de l'UFR Ecologie animale & Zoologie agricole
     Campus Agro.M / INRA -  Unité d'Acarologie
         2, Place Pierre VIALA
 34060 MONTPELLIER cedex 01
      FRANCE
     Tél.: 00 33 4 99 61 22 68
          23 89
          23 49
     Fax : 00 33 4 67 52 15 54
   E-mail : kreiter@ensam.inra.fr

*******************************************************
 

CC: <jean.deunff@univ-rennes1.fr>

To everyone at the acarology society.

I hope it is alright to send this message to everyone
without being a member myself.
I am a Phd student at the Liverpool School of Tropical
Medicine, my research is titled "Can insecticide
impregnated bed nets prevent tick borne relapsing
fever"?  I'm looking at the soft tick Ornithodoros
moubata and its role in transmitting this disease.
Could anyone help me as I'd like to acquire an
Ornathodoros key.  Does anyone know where I could get
one from or someone who may know where I could get
one.
If you would please reply to me at the above email
address I would be very grateful.
Thank you in advance for any help.
Thank you
Yours sincerely
Elizabeth Thompson

__________________________________________________
Do You Yahoo!?
Get personalized email addresses from Yahoo! Mail
http://personal.mail.yahoo.com/

Dear all,

I azm looking desesperately for the address of Dr GUPTA SK who has worked a
long time on phytoseiid mites, describing a lot of species.
Does anyone has his "snail-mail" address, may be his E-mail ?

Thanking you in advance !

Serge KREITER
*******************************************************
      Professeur Serge KREITER
Directeur de l'UFR Ecologie animale & Zoologie agricole
     Campus Agro.M / INRA -  Unité d'Acarologie
         2, Place Pierre VIALA
 34060 MONTPELLIER cedex 01
      FRANCE
     Tél.: 00 33 4 99 61 22 68
          23 89
          23 49
     Fax : 00 33 4 67 52 15 54
   E-mail : kreiter@ensam.inra.fr

*******************************************************

Dear friends:

   On 3 July (one day after my return from Brazil), the email server for
OSU's Biological Computer Consortium crashed due to an extended
"brownout".  A similar outage occurred the following morning and the
damage was further exacerbated by a total power blackout a few hours
later.  The system was finally brought back on line last night.
Consequently, any email sent to me during the brownout/blackout period (3
July- 9 July) is likely to have been irrevocably lost, and there is a good
chance that the lost messages were not bounced back to the sender(s).
Therefore, if you sent any messages to me during the down time and you're
hoping for an answer, please resend.

                                With thanks,
                                  Jerry

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

 Dr. G.W. Krantz                       Phone (541) 737-5503
 Department of Entomology              Fax  (541) 737-3643
 Cordley 2046                          Email <krantzg@bcc.orst.edu>
 Oregon State University
 Corvallis, Oregon 97331-2907
 USA

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

Dear Colleagues:
I got the following request from "Freistadt, Marion" <mfreis@lsuhsc.edu>. If you can help, please reply to: "Freistadt, Marion" <mfreis@lsuhsc.edu> directly.
Sncerely yours,
Zhi-Qiang Zhang

From:  "Freistadt, Marion" <mfreis@lsuhsc.edu>
To: <zhangz@landcare.cri.nz>
Date:  7/6/01 7:53am
Subject:  question--obtaining Sarcoptes scabiei specimins for teaching

dr. zhang, this may be a strange question, but we are trying to update our
teaching specimens for medical students, in the parasitology lab.  i am
having difficulty finding prepared ectoparasite slides. your name came up
on a web search and i thought you may be able to refer me to a company (I
found control protozoan and helminth prepared slides for sale)

thanks

Marion Freistadt, Ph.D.
Associate Professor
Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology
Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center
1901 Perdido St.
New Orleans, LA 70112

Phone: 504-568-4071   (-4477, labs; -4062, departmental office)
FAX:    -------2918

mfreis@lsumc.edu   OR   mfreis@lsuhsc.edu

http://www.medschool.lsumc.edu/micr/INSIDE/DIRECT/msf.htm

"On the other hand, you have different fingers."

    Dear all

 I need  Dr. B. Bayartogtokh's e-mail address in Mongolia. Please let me
know.

Best regards

Sincerely yours

Alireza Saboori, Ph.D.
Department of Plant Protection
College of Agriculture
Tehran University
Karaj-Iran
Fax:0098-261-2224511
another e-mail: saboori2000@yahoo.com