Andrew B. Smith, Kevin J. Peterson, Gregory Wray and D.T.J. Littlewood
Description of morphological characters used in cladistic analysis of class relationships:
2550 Ð ciliated epidermis: 0 = multiciliated cells 1 = monociliated cells.
2551 Ð telotroch: 0 = absent; 1 = present.
2552 Ð neotroch: 0 = absent; 1 = present.
2553 Ð trimery: 0 = absent; 1 = present.
2554 Ð mesocoelomic ducts and pores: 0 = absent; 1 = present.
2555 Ð ciliated extensions of mesocoel: 0 = absent; 1 = present.
2556 Ð mesocoel accompanied by somatocoel in tentacular extensions: 0 = no; 1 = yes.
2557 Ð posterior stalk that develops as a ventral outgrowth Ð 0 = absent 1 = present with extensions of both left and right somatocoels; 2 = present only as right somatcoel.
2558 Ð axial complex: 0 = absent; 1 = present.
2559 Ð hydropore/protocoelomic pore: 0 = absent; 1 = present.
2560 Ð paired protocoelomic pores: 0 = absent; 1 = present.
2561 Ð saccate gut: 0 = absent; 1 = present.
2562 Ð pharyngotremy 0 = present; 1 = absent.
2563 Ð synapticules 0 = present; 1 = absent.
2564 Ð dorsal nerve cord/ganglion associated with mesosome: 0 = no; 1 = yes.
2565 Ð stomochord: 0 = absent; 1 = present.
2566 Ð tRNA Lys
2567 Ð AGA and AGG serine
2568 Ð Brachyury expressed in oral and anal regions of gut: 0 = no; 1 = yes.
2569 Ð apical ganglion with many serotonergic neurons and a caudal serotonergic projection to the ciliary band: 0 = no; 1 = yes.
2570 Ð periacrosomal material (Jameson 2000b,c; FranzŽn 2001)
2571 Ð sperm with single annular mitochondrion (Jameson 2000a,c): 0 = no; 1 = yes.
2572 Ð proboscis skeleton crura cause dorsolateral grooves in stomochord (Hyman 1959): 0 = no; 1 = yes.
2573 Ð recurved gut with ventral anus in larva: 0 = absent; 1 = present.
2574 Ð coelomic stacking: 0 = absent; 1 = present.
2575 Ð calcitic larval skeleton: 0 = absent; 1 = present.
2576 Ð skeletal rods supporting arms that carry loops of the ciliary band in larva: 0 = absent; 1 = present.
2577 Ð paroral ciliary bands: 0 = absent; 1 = present.
2578 Ð loss of larval mouth with adult mouth formed on left side: 0 = no; 1 = yes.
2579 Ð anterior adhesive pit or disc for attachment: 0 = absent; 1 = present.
2580 Ð larval tube feet: 0 = absent; 1 = present.
2581 Ð water vascular system (i.e., hydrocoel communicates to axocoel via stone canal): 0 = absent; 1 = present.
2582 Ð epineural folds form to enclose developing radial water vessel: 0 = absent; 1 = present.
2583 Ð skeleton composed of stereom: 0 = absent; 1 = present.
2584 - Pentameral symmetry: 0 = absent; 1 = present.
2585 - Ambulacral growth meridional creating globular body form; aboral surface greatly reduce compared with oral surface: 0 = no; 1 = yes.
2586 - Subterminal plate addition (ocular plate rule): 0 = absent; 1 = present.
2587 - Radial water vessel and nerve overlain by epineural sinus: 0 = absent; 1 = present.
2588 - Polian vesicles: 0 = absent; 1 = present.
2589 - Haemal system arranged as discrete peripharangeal ring which sends out radial canals located between the radial nerve and hyponeural sinus: 0 = no; 1 = yes.
2590 - Calcified madreporitic body forms around hydropore: 0 = no; 1 = yes.
2591 - Calcified stone canal: 0 = absent; 1 = present.
2592 - Perianal coelom: 0 = absent; 1 = present.
2593 - Peripharyngeal coelom: 0 = absent; 1 = present.
2594 - Moveable articulated spines in dermis: 0 = absent; 1 = present.
2595 - Tube-feet with calcified disc: 0 = absent; 1 = present.
2596 - Tube-feet forming from lateral side-branches of cylindrical radial water vessel with one-way valve: 0 = no; 1 = yes.
2597 - Tube foot with internal ampulla: 0 = no; 1 = yes.
2598 - Circumoral ring water canal and nerve intimately associated with first ambulacral ossicles or their deriviatives: 0 = no; 1 = yes.
2599 - Goblet and apical tuft cells in tube feet: 0 = absent; 1 = present.
2600 - Axial gland (= glomerulus) within left axial sinus (= dorsal sac) : 0 = no; 1 = yes.
2601 - Axial gland integral part of the axial sinus wall: 0 = no; 1 = yes.
2602 - Right axial sinus: 0 = absent; 1 = present.
2603 - Differentiated adambulacral ossicles: 0 = absent; 1 = present.
2604 - Scleroblasts forming a syncitium: 0 = absent; 1 = present.
2605 - Discrete, well-defined nerve canal in tube feet: 0 = absent; 1 = present.
2606 - Batyl alcohol: 0 = absent; 1 = present.
2607 - Adoralmost ambulacral plates specialized into a ring of jaw elements linked laterally by circumoral ring muscles: 0 = no; 1 = yes.
Matrix:
branchio 000000000?0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000?0
herdmani 00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000?0
Saccoglo 0100100111000111????101000000000000000000000000000000000?0
Harriman 0??1100?11100111??????1?00000000000000000000000000000000?0
cephalod 1001110111100111??????0000000000000000000000000000000000?0
Ptychode 01111000110000111111??0000000000000000000000000000000000?0
CRINCONS 100101121100110011??11001000001011000000000000000100000010
OPHCONSEN 101101101101110011?111011111001111011111100101010111111101
ASTCONS 1011011011011100111111011000111011010111100101110111110110
HOLCONS 101101?0110011001111110111010110111?1111111011111000011010
ECHCONSEN 1011011011001100111100011111101111111011111111111011011001