You selected: Solanum rostratum Hist. Nat. Solanum 234, tab. 24. 1813. Status: Accepted.
Solanum rostratum , Hist. Nat. Solanum 234, tab. 24. 1813. Type: France. cultivated at Montpellier, Anon. s.n. (holotype, MPU; isotypes, G-DC [IDC microfiche], P)
Synonyms
Solanum heterandrum , Fl. Amer. Sept. (Pursh) 1: 156. 1813; 2: 731. 1816.
Androcera lobata , Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 1: 129. 1818.
Ceranthera heterandra , Amer. Monthly Mag. & Crit. Rev. 2: 176. 1818.
Nycterium rostratum , Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 1: 189. 1821
Nycterium flavum , in Donn, Hort. Cantabrig., ed. 10, 73. 1823.
Nycterium lobatum , Hort. Brit. 301. 1826
Nycterium luteum , Nomencl. Bot. ed. 2, 2: 199. 1840
Solanum propinquum , Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 12(1) : 143. 1845.
Nycterium heterandrum , Nomencl. Bot. 2: 440. 1847
Solanum bejarense , in DC., Prodr. 13(1): 330. 1852. [ Berlandier, JL 1589;]
Solanum chrysacanthum , in DC., Prodr. 13(1): 330. 1852.
Solanum heterodoxum , in DC., Prodr. 13(1): 330. 1852.
Solanum rostratum var. subintegrum , Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 36: 502. 1901. [ Pringle, CG 9268;]
Androcera rostrata , Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33: 150. 1906
Names associated with this species that have not been validly published
Solanum hexandrum , Nomencl. Bot. ed 2, 1: 87. 1840.
Solanum cornutum , in DC., Prodr. 13(1): 329. 1852.
Last edited by Knapp, S. August 2004. Description based on taxon concept by Whalen, M.D. pages 397-401 in Whalen, M.D. 1979. Taxonomy of Solanum section Androceras. Gentes Herb. 11: 359-426.
Habit
Spreadingly branched, prickly, taprooted, annual herbs, stellate-pubescent throughout; stems to 1 cm in dam., armed with subulate or somewhat broad-based, yellow prickles 38 mm long; cauline stellae partly long-stalked, to 1 mm long, or all essentially sessile.
Sympodial structure
Sympodial units difoliate, usually almost geminate.
Leaves
Leaves ovate to broadly ovate, once to twice pinnatifid, often pinnatisect near the base, with rounded or obtuse ultimate lobes; blades 7-16 cm long, prickly along the main veins, stellate-pubescent on both surfaces; petioles armed, 1/3-2/3 as long as the blades.
Inflorescences
Inflorescences internodal, 4-11 cm long; 7-12-flowered.
Flowers
Calyx at anthesis divided nearly to the base into linear lobes 6-10 mm long, tube campanulate, 1.5-2.5 mm long, densely stellate-pubescent or bristly, sometimes prickly. Corolla pentagonal, with ample, plicate, interpetalar tissue, 2.3-3.5 cm across, yellow, stellate-tomentose externally. Stamens with the long anther 1.0-1.4 cm long, arcuate, often suffused with red or purple, short anthers 6-8 mm long, yellow. Ovary glabrous, tightly invested in the developing calyx tube. Style 1-1.4 cm, slender, often purplish. Stigma unexpanded.
Fruits
Fruit a spherical berry, 9-12 mm in diam. on slightly ascending pedicels 8-13 mm long, dry and splitting at maturity, accrescent calyx tube bearing numerous strait, yellow prickles often exceeding those of the stem in length;
Seeds
Seeds 40-80 per berry, flattened-ovoid, 2.0-2.6 mm long, minutely foveolate, the lateral faces flat or undulate.
Chromosome number
n = 12 ( Löve, 1979)
Distribution
Open and often disturbed sites, versatile in soil tolerance, a noxious weed of roadsides and overgrazed pasturelands. The native range probably extends from Mexico City N across Mexico and the Great Plains of the United States. Outside this area , Solanum rostratum is a widely introduces weed in disturbed habittats (e.g. Russia and Australia).
Phenology
Flowering throughout the summer and into the fall in Mexico and the United States.
Phylogeny
Solanum rostratum is a member of section Androceras series Androceras (sensu Whalen, 1979) of the Leptostemonum clade (Bohs, 2005).
References
- Bohs, L. 2005. Major clades in Solanum based on ndhF sequences. Pp. 27-49 in R. C. Keating, V. C. Hollowell, & T. B. Croat (eds.), A festschrift for William G. D’Arcy: the legacy of a taxonomist. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden, Vol. 104. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.Bohs, L. 2005. Major clades in Solanum based on ndhF sequences. Pp. 27-49 in R. C. Keating, V. C. Hollowell, & T. B. Croat (eds.), A festschrift for William G. D’Arcy: the legacy of a taxonomist. Monographs in Systematic Botany from the Missouri Botanical Garden, Vol. 104. Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis.
- Löve, A. (ed.) 1979. IOPB Chromosome Number Reports. 63. Taxon 28: 276 (Solanaceae contributed by M.D. Whalen).Löve, A. 1979. IOPB Chromosome Number Reports. 63. Taxon 28: 276 (Solanaceae contributed by M.D. Whalen).
- Whalen, M.D. 1979. Taxonomy of Solanum section Androceras. Gentes Herb. 11: 359-426.Whalen, M.D. 1979. Taxonomy of Solanum section Androceras. Gentes Herb. 11: 359-426.
