The Echinoid Directory
Classification of the Echinoidea
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Stem group Echinoidea .....Family Bothriocidaridae Kelm, 1904 ..........Bothriocidaris, Neobothriocidaris, Unibothriocidaris ....Family Eothuriidae MacBride & Spencer, 1938 ..........Eothuria ....Unnamed family ..........Aulechinus ....Unnamed family ..........Bromidechinus ....Family Echinocystitidae Gregory, 1897 ..........Echinocystites, Gotlandechinus, Rhenechinus ....Family Lepidesthidae Jackson, 1896 ..........Lepidesthes, Meekechinus ....Family Lepidocentridae Loven, 1874 ..........Aptilechinus, Elliptechinus, Lepidechinoides, Lepidocentrus, ..........Lepidechinus, Myriastriches, Palaeodiscus, Pholidechinus ....Family Cravenechinidae Hawkins, 1946 ..........Cravenechinus, Xenechinus ....Family Proterocidaridae Smith, 1984 ..........Fournierechinus, Hyattechinus, Perischodomus, ..........Perischocidaris, Pholidocidaris, Pronechinus, Protoechinus, ..........Proterocidaris ....Family Palaechinidae McCoy, 1849 ..........Lovenechinus, Maccoya, Melonechinus, Oligoporus, ..........Palaechinus, Porechinus, Xysteria ....Family Archaeocidaridae McCoy, 1844 ..........Albertechinus, Archaeocidaris, Deneechinus, Lepidocidaris, ..........Nortonechinus, Permocidaris, Polytaxicidaris ....Stem group incertae sedis ..........Lanternarius, Kongielechinus, Protocidaris, Rhoechinus, ..........Silurocidaris, Tornquistellus Primitive stem group Euechinoidea, Cidaroidea and/or advanced stem group Echinoidea Family Tiarechinidae Gregory, 1897 ..........Tiarechinus Family Triadocidaridae Smith, 1990 ..........Levicidaris, Megaporocidaris, Mikrocidaris, Parvicidaris, ..........Triadocidaris, Vinchuscanchaia, Zardinechinus Family Serpianotiaridae Hagdorn, 1995 ..........Serpianotiaris Family Paurocidaridae Vadet, 2001 ..........Paurocidaris Crown group Echinoidea Subclass Cidaroidea Smith, 1984 Order Cidaroida Claus, 1880 .....Basal stem group cidaroids (miocidarids) ..........Couvelardicidaris, Eocidaris, Lenticidaris, Miocidaris, Procidaris .....Family Triadotiaridae Hagdorn, 1995 ..........Triadotiaris .....Family Rhabdocidaridae Lambert, 1900 ..........Fellius, Laurenticidaris, Porocidaris, Rhabdocidaris .....Family Diplocidaridae Gregory, 1900 ..........Diplocidaris, Heterocidaris .....Family Histocidaridae Lambert, 1900 ..........Histocidaris .....Family Polycidaridae Vadet, 1988 ..........Nudicidaris, Paracidaris, Polycidaris, Zbindenicidaris .....Family Psychocidaridae Ikeda, 1936 ..........Balanocidaris, Caenocidaris, Roseicidaris, Tylocidaris .....Family Cidaridae Gray, 1825 ..........Plegiocidaris (stem group) ........Subfamily Cidarinae Mortensen, 1928 ..........Almucidaris, Acanthocidaris, Calocidaris, Centrocidaris, ..........Chondrocidaris, Cidaris, Cyathocidaris, Eucidaris, Phyllacanthus, .........Plococidaris, Prionocidaris, Tretocidaris, Triassicidaris ........Subfamily Ctenocidarinae Mortensen, 1928 ..........Aporocidaris, Ctenocidaris, Homalocidaris, Notocidaris, ..........Rhynchocidaris ........Subfamily Stereocidarinae Lambert, 1900 ..........Phalacrocidaris, Sinaecidaris, Temnocidaris ........Subfamily Goniocidarinae Mortensen, 1928 ..........Austrocidaris, Goniocidaris, Ogmocidaris, Psilocidaris, ..........Rhopalocidaris, Schizocidaris Subclass Euechinoidea Order Echinothurioida Claus, 1880 Stem group .....Family Pelanechinidae Groom, 1887 ..........Pelanechinus Crown group ..........Paraphormosoma .....Family Kamtosomatidae Mortensen, 1934 ..........Kamptosoma .....Family Phormosomatidae Mortensen, 1934 ..........Phormosoma, Hemiphormosoma .....Family Echinothuriidae Wyville Thompson, 1872 ....Subfamily Hygrosomatinae Smith & Wright, 1990 ..........Hygrosoma ........Subfamily Sperosomatinae Smith & Wright, 1990 ..........Sperosoma, Tromikosoma ...Subfamily Echinothuriinae Wyville Thompson, 1872 ..........Echinothuria, Hapalosoma, Asthenosoma, Araeosoma, ..........Calveriosoma,.Retzneiosoma Order Diadematoida Duncan, 1889 .....Family Micropygidae Mortensen, 1903 ..........Kierechinus, Micropyga .....Family Aspidodiadematidae Duncan, 1889 ..........Gymnotiara, Culozoma, Aspidodiadema, Plesiodiadema .....Family Diadematidae Gray, 1855 ..........Centrostephanus, Astropyga, Chaetodiadema, Diadema, Echinothrix, ..........Eremopyga, Goniodiadema, Lissodiadema .....Incertae sedis ..........Pedinothuria Order Pedinoida .....Incertae sedis ..........Zardinechinus .....Family Pedinidae Pomel, 1883 ..........Pedina, Hemipedina, Diademopsis, Caenopedina, Palaeopedina, ..........Leptocidaris, Phymopedina, Pseudopedina .....Unnamed family ..........Echinopedina, Leiopedina, Loriolipedina Superorder Stirodonta Jackson, 1912 Stem group .....Unnamed family (pedinopsids) ..........Cottaldia, Dumblea, Leptarbacia, Pedinopsis .....Family Hemicidaridae Wright, 1857 .......Subfamily Hemicidarinae Wright, 1857 ..........Asterocidaris, Gymnocidaris, Hemicidaris, Hemitiaris .......Subfamily Pseudocidarinae Smith & Wright, 1993 ..........Cidaropsis, Plesiocidaris, Pseudocidaris .....Family Pseudodiadematidae Pomel, 1883 ..........Acrocidaris, Hessotiara, Pseudodiadema, Stereopyga .....Family Stomechinidae Pomel, 1883 ..........Codechinus, Diplechinus, Echinotiara, Eucosmechinus, Magnosia, ..........Polycyphus, Stomechinus, Thierychinus, Tiarechinopsis Order Phymosomatoida Mortensen, 1904 ..... .....Family Emiratiidae Ali, 1990 ..........Colpotiara, Loriola, Polydiadema ........Subfamily Emiratiinae Ali, 1990 ..........Allomma, Emiratia ........Subfamily Diplopodiinae Smith & Wright, 1993 ..........Diplopodia, Strictotiara, Tetragramma, Tiaromma .....Family Phymosomatidae Pomel, 1883 ..........Acanthechinus, Actinophyma, Cosmocyphus, Diplotagma, ..........Gauthieria,.Nardinechinus, Pliocyphosoma, Phymosoma, ..........Trochalosoma .....Unnamed family ..........Gomphechinus, Plistophyma, Winkleria Stirodont incertae sedis: ..........Dubarechinus, Egyptechinus, Jeannetia, Leiopleurus, Leptechinus ..... .....Family Stomopneustidae Mortensen, 1903 ...........Circopeltis, Phymechinus, Phymotaxis, Stomopneustes, ..........Triadechinus Order Arbacioida Gregory, 1900 .....Stem group .........Baronechinus .....Family Arbaciidae Gray, 1855 ..........Arbia, Arbacia, Baueria, Codiopsis, Coelopleurus, Dialithocidaris, ..........Habrocidaris, Noetlingaster, Podocidaris, Pygmaeocidaris, ..........Tetrapygus .....Family Glypticidae Lambert & Thiery, 1914 ..........Acrosaster, Atopechinus, Brochechinus, Glypticus, Pleiocyphus, ..........Pleurodiadema .....Family Acropeltidae Lambert & Thiery, 1914 ..........Acropeltis, Glyphopneustes, Goniopygus, Mimiosalenia Order Salenioida Delage & Herouard, 1903 .....Stem group ..........Heterosalenia, Novasalenia, Prosalenia, Pseudosalenia, Acrosalenia, ..........Metacrosalenia .....Crown group .....Family Saleniidae L. Agassiz, 1838 ........Subfamily Saleniinae L. Agassiz, 1838 ..........Bathysalenia, Holosalenia, Leptosalenia, Pleurosalenia, Salenia, ..........Salenidia, Salenocidaris ......Subfamily Hyposaleniinae ..........Goniophorus, Hyposalenia, Poropeltaris Superorder Camarodonta Jackson, 1912 .....Family Glyphocyphidae Duncan, 1889 ..........Arachnopleurus, Ambipleurus, Dictyopleurus, Echinopsis, ..........Glyphocyphus, Hemidiadema, Rachiosoma ....Incertae sedis ..........Eurypneustes, Gagaria, Mistechinus, Porosoma, Triplacidia Order Temnopleuroida Mortensen, 1942 .....Family Zeuglopleuridae Lewis, 1986 ..........Boletechinus, Echinocyamus, Zeuglopleurus .....Family Temnopleuridae A. Agassiz, 1872 ..........Amblypneustes, Coptechinus, Erbechinus, Holopneustes, Mespilia, ..........Microcyphus, Opechinus, Paradoxechinus, Salmacis, Salmciella, ..........Temnechinus, Temnopleurus, Temnotrema .....Family Trigonocidaridae Mortensen, 1903 ..........Asterechinus, Cryptechinus, Genocidaris, Goniosigma, Leptopleurus, ..........Javanechinus, Ortholophus, Scolechinus, Trigonocidaris Order Echinoida Troschal, 1872 .....Family Toxopneustidae Troschel, 1872 ..........Goniopneustes, Gymnechinus, Lytechinus, Nudechinus, Oligophyma, ..........Pseudoboletia, Schizechinus, Sphaerechinus, Toxopneustes, ..........Tripneustes .....Family Strongylocentrotidae Gregory, 1900 ..........Pseudocentrotus, Loxechinus, Strongylocentrotus, Hemicentrotus, ..........Allocentrotus .....Family Echinometridae Gray, 1855 ..........Anthocidaris, Caenocentrotus, Echinostrephus, Evechinus, ..........Heliocidaris, Pachycentrotus, Selenechinus, Echinometra, ..........Zenocentrotus, Heterocentrotus, Podophora, Colobocentrotus, ..........Parasalenia, ?Plegiechnius .....Family Echinidae Gray, 1825 ..........Echinus, Gracilechinus, Sterechinus, Stirechinus, Dermechinus, ..........Polyechinus .....Family Parechinidae Mortensen, 1903 ..........Parechinus, Psammechinus, Isechinus, Paracentrotus Superorder Irregularia Latreille 1825 Stem group Order Holectypoida Duncan, 1889 Suborder Pygasterina Durham & Melville, 1957 .....Family Pygasteridae Lambert, 1900 ..........Pygaster .....Family Anorthopygidae Wagner & Durham, 1957 ..........Anorthopygus, Pileus Suborder Holectypina Duncan, 1889 .....Family Holectypidae Lambert, 1900 ..........Holectypus, Philolectypus ........Subfamily Coenholectypinae Smith & Wright 1999 ..........Coenholectypus, Coptodiscus, Lanieria, Temnholectypus ........Subfamily Discoidinae Lambert, 1900 ..........Discoides, Camerogalerus Order Echinoneoida Clark, 1925 .....Family Galeritidae Gray, 1825 ..........Galerites, Rostrogalerus .....Family Conulidae Lambert, 1911 ..........Adelopneustes, Conulopyrina, Conulus, Globator, Pygopyrina .....Family Echinoneidae Agassiz & Desor, 1847 ..........Amblypygus, Duperieria, Echinoneus, Micropetalon, Paramblypygus Neognathostomata Smith, 1981 Stem group (no current formal subdivisions) ..........Galeropygus .....Clypeids ..........Cluniculus, Clypeus, Pseudosorella .....Family Archiaciidae Cotteau & Triger, 1869 ..........Archaicia, Claviaster .....Nucleolitids ..........Clypeopygus, Crotoclypeus, Nucleolites, Phyllobrissus .....Pygurids ..........Echinopygus, Pygurus, Pyguropsis .....Catopygids ..........Catopygus, Hemicara, Penesticta ..........Bothriopneustes ..........Astrolampas I Crown group .....Family Neolampadidae Lambert, 1918 ........Aphanopora, Nannolampas, Neolampas, Oolopygus, Pisolampas, ........Pliolampas, Studeria .....Family Apatapygidae Kier, 1962 Apatopygus. Nucleopygus, Porteropygus .....Family Plesiolampadidae Smith & Jeffery, 2000 ........Oriolampas, Plesiolampas, Pseudopygaulus, Termieria .....Family Faujasiidae Lambert, 1905 ........Ochetus ......Subfamily Faujasiinae Lambert, 1905 ........Daradaster, Domechinus, Eurypetalum, Faujasia, Lefortia, ........Pygurostoma, Zuffardia ......Subfamily Stigmatopyginae Smith & Wright, 2000 ........Actapericulum, Australanthus, Cardiopygus, Gongrochanus, ........Hardouinia, Petalobrissus, Procassidulus, Rhynchopygus, ........Stigmatopygus .....Family Cassidulidae Agassiz & Desor, 1847 ........Cassidulus, Eurhodia, Glossaster, Paralampas, Rhyncholampas .....Unnamed family (gitolampadids) ........Arnaudaster, Gitolampas, Ilarionia, Neocatopygus, Oligopodia, ........Parapygus .....Family Pygaulidae Lambert, 1905 ........Echinogalerus, Plagiochasma, Pygaulus, Pygopistes, Pygorhynchus Order Clypeasteroida L Agassiz, 1835 Stem group ........Togocyamus .....Family Conoclypeidae Zittel, 1879 ........Conoclypeus, Oviclypeus .....Family Oligopygidae Duncan, 1889 ........Haimea, Oligopygus Crown group Suborder Clypeasterina L. Agassiz, 1835 .....Family Clypeasteridae L. Agassiz, 1835 ........Clypeaster .....Family Arachnoididae Duncan, 1889 ........Fellaster ......Subfamily Ammotrophinae Durham, 1955 ........Ammotrophus, Monostychia ......Subfamily Arachnoidinae Duncan, 1889 ........Arachnoides, Willungaster, Prowillungaster ......Subfamily Fossulasterinae Philip & Foster, 1971 ........Philipaster, Scutellinoides, Fossulaster Suborder Scutellina Haekel, 1896 Infraorder Laganiformes Desor, 1847 .....Family Echinocyamidae Lambert & Thiery, 1914 ........Echinocyamnus, Leniechinus, Mortonia .....Family Fibulariidae Gray, 1855 ........Fibularia, Fibulariella, Lenicyamidia, Thagastea, Tridium .....Family Rotulidae Gray, 1855 ........Heliophora, Rotula, Rotuloidea .....Family Laganidae A. Agassiz, 1873 ......Subfamily Laganinae A. Agassiz, 1873 ........Hupea, Jacksonaster, Laganum, Peronella, Rumphia, Sismondia ......Subfamily Neolaganinae Durham, 1954 ........Cubanaster, Durhamella, Neolaganum, Pentedium, Tetradiella, ........Sanchezella, Weisbordella, Wythella Infraorder Scutelliformes Haekel, 1896 Stem group ........Eoscutulum. Kewia, Lenita, Marginoproctus, Porpitella, Scutellina .....Superfamily Echinarachniidea Lambert, 1914 .....Family Echinarachniidae Lambert, 1914 ........Astrodapsis, Echinarachnius, Faassia, Proescutella, ........Pseudastrodapsis, Scutellaster, Vaquerosella .....Family Protoscutellidae Durham, 1955 ........Mortonella, Periarchus, Protoscutella .....Incertae sedis ........Iheringiella .....Superfamily Scutellidea Gray, 1825 .....Family Scutellidae Gray, 1825 ........Dendraster, Parascutella, Reymondella, Samlandaster, Scaphechinus, ........Scutella .....Family Astriclypeidae Stefanin, 1911 ........Astriclypeus, Amphiope, Echinodiscus .....Family Monophorasteridae Lahille, 1896 ........Amplaster, Monophoraster .....Family Mellitidae Stefanini, 1911 ........Encope, Leodia, Mellita, Mellitella .....Family Abertellidae Durham, 1955 ........Abertella, Karlaster .....Family Eoscutellidae Durham, 1955 ........Eoscutella .....Family Scutasteridae Durham, 1955 ........Scutaster Superorder Atelostomata Stem group .....Family Pygorhytidae Lambert, 1909 ........Spatocyphus, Pygorhytis, Pygomalus .....Family Collyritidae d'Orbigny, 1853 ........Collyrites, Cyclolampas, Cardiopelta, Proholaster, Cardiolampas .....Family Disasteridae Gras, 1848 ........Disaster .....Family Tithoniidae Solovjev, 1966 ........Metaporinus, Tithonia, Corytha, Tetraromania .....Family Acrolusiidae Mintz, 1968 ........Acrolusia Crown group .....Incertae sedis .....Family Stenonasteridae Lambert, 1922 ........Stenonaster, Menuthiaster Order Holasteroida Durham & Melville, 1957 Stem group ........Eoholaster, Taphraster .....Superfamily Cardiasterina Pomel, 1883 ........Pseudholaster, Giraliaster, Protocardiaster .....Family Cardiasteridae Lambert, 1917 ........Cardiaster, Plesiocorys, Infulaster, Hagenowia .....Family Hemipneustidae Lambert, 1917 ........Plesiohemipneustes, Hemipneustes, Opisopneustes, Toxopatagus Crown Group Meridosternata Loven, 1883 ....'Basal Meridosternata' ........Lampadocorys, Crassiholaster .....Family Echinocorythidae Wright, 1857 ........Echinocorys, Pseudananchys .....Family Holasteridae Pictet, 1857 ........Holaster, Scagliaster, Offaster, Cibaster .....Incertae sedis ........Galeola, Jeronia Infraorder Stegasterina Lambert, 1917 .....Family Stegasteridae Lambert, 1917 ........Stegaster, Seunaster, Tholaster, Entomaster, Guettaria, Lampadaster .....Family Calymnidae Mortensen, 1907 ........Calymne, Sternopatagus, Pseudoffaster, Sanchezaster, ........Chelonechinus Infraorder Urechinina H. L. Clark, 1946 ........Basseaster, Garumnaster, Pilematechinus .....Family Urechinidae Duncan, 1889 ........Antrechinus, Cystechinus, Urechinus .....Family Corystidae Foster & Philip, 1978 ........Cardabia, Corystus, Huttonechinus .....Family Plexechinidae Mooi & David, 1996 ........Plexechinus .....Family Pourtalesiidae A. Agassiz, 1881 ........Galeaster, Pourtalesia, Cystocrepis, Echinocrepis, Echinosigra, ........Helgocystis, Spatangocystis Order Spatangoida L. Agassiz, 1840 Stem group Family Toxasteridae ........Allotoxaster, Aphelaster, Heteraster, Epiaster, Macraster, Niponaster, ........Pliotoxaster, Toxaster Crown Group Suborder Hemiasterina Fischer, 1966 .....Family Aeropsidae Lambert, 1896 ........Aeropsis, Cordastrum, Coraster, Cottreaucorys, Homoeaster, ........Physaster, Orthaster, Sphenaster .....Family Somaliasteridae Wagner & Durham, 1966 ........Brightonia, Iraniaster, Leviechinus, Somaliaster .....Family Hemiasteridae ........Bolbaster, Hemiaster, Heterolampas, Holanthus, Jordaniaster, Kupeia, ........Lymeriaster, Leiostomaster, Palhemiaster, Proraster Subfamily Palaeostominae ........Ditremaster, Palaeostoma, Sarsiaster Suborder Micrasterina Fischer, 1966 .....Family Micrasteridae Lambert, 1920 ........Diplodetus, Gibbaster, Habanaster, Micraster, Ovulaster, Plesiaster, ........Pseudogibbaster, Turanglaster ......Subfamily Cyclasterinae Poslavskaja, 1964 ........Cyclaster, Isaster, Isopatagus .....Superfamily Brissidea .....Family Brissidae Gray, 1855 ........Anabrissus, Anametalia, Brissus, Idiobryssus, Meoma, Metalia, ........Neopneustes, Peraspatangus, Plagiobrissus, Rhabdobrissus, ........Rhynobrissus, Schizobrissus, Taimanawa .....Family Brissopsidae Lambert, 1905 ........Brissopsis, Kleinia .....Family Macropneustidae Lambert, 1895 ........Archaechinus, Argopatagus, Hypsopatagus, Macropneustes, ........Megapneustes, Pharaonaster, Trachypatagus .....Family Spatangidae Gray, 1825 ........Granopatagus, Plethotaenia, Spatangus .....Family Loveniidae Lambert, 1905 ........Atelospatangus. Breynia, Gualtieria, Hemipatagus, Laevipatagus, ........Lovenia, Pseudolovenia, Semipetalion .....Family Echinocardiidae Wythe Cooke, 1942 ........Echinocardium .....Family Maretiidae Lambert, 1905 ........Eupatagus, Granobrissoides, Gymnopatagus, Hemimaretia, ........Homolampas, Mariana, Maretia, Mazettia, Nacospatangus, ........Pycnolampas, Spatagobrissus Suborder Paleopneustina Stem group ........Polydesmaster Crown Group .....Incertae sedis A ........Eopericosmus, Hemigymnia, Schizocosmus .....Incertae sedis B ........Heterobrissus .....Superfamily Paleopneustidea A. Agassiz, 1904 .....Family Paleopneustidae A. Agassiz, 1904 ........Antillaster, Moronaster, Paleopneustes, Plesiozonus .....Family Pericosmidae Lambert, 1905 ........Pericosmus, Faorina .....Superfamily Schizasteridea Lambert, 1905 .....Family Schizasteridae Lambert, 1905 ........Abatus, Aceste, Aguayoaster, Caribbaster, Diploporaster, ........Gregoryaster, Hemifaorina, Moira, Moiropsis, Opissaster, Ova, ........Periaster, Protenaster, Schizopneustes, Tripylaster .....Family Prenasteridae Lambert, 1905 ........Agassizia, Anisaster, Holcopneustes, Lambertiaster, Prenaster, ........Peribrissus, Tripylus, Unifascia |