Diagnostic Features
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Test ovate with slight anterior sulcus; base slightly keeled towards rear.
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Apical disc ethmolytic, with 4 gonopores.
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Anterior ambulacrum moderately wide and a little depressed; pore-pairs and tube-feet specialized.
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Tubercles adjacent to frontal groove enlarged and in rows.
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Other ambulacra petaloid and flush; widening towards apex and closed distally. Almost arcuate laterally.
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Periproct inframarginal, on short near-vertical truncate face.
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Peristome wider than long; kidney-shaped.
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Labral plate narrow and elongate; only just contacting sternal plates; paired sternal plates narrow and triangular; fully tuberculate.
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Aboral tuberculation heterogenous with scattered coarse tubercules in all but the posterior interambulacrum. Primary tubercles deeply sunken. Oral tubercles relatively small and without sunken areoles. Arranged in distinct rows.
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Well-developed shield-shaped subanal fasciole, an inner fasciole and a peripetalous fasciole that is not indented in the interambulacra.
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Distribution
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Oligocene to Recent, Indo-Pacific (India, Australia, Indonesia).
Shallow water sands to shell gravels - infaunal.
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Name gender |
feminine |
Type |
Spatangus australasiae Leach, 1815, p. 68, by original designation.
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Species Included |
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B. australasiae (Leach, 1815); Recent, Australia.
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B. desorii Gray, 1851; Recent, Australia.
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B. elegans Mortensen, 1948; Recent, Malay archipelago.
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B. eximia Boehm, 1882; Miocene, Java.
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B. vredenburgi Anderson, 1907; Recent, Andamans Islands.
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B. carinata Haime, 1853;Oligo-Miocene, western Sind, Taiwan, western Australia.
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B. magna (Herklots); Miocene, Java.
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B. meslei Gauthier, in Cotteau, 1894; Oligocene, Egypt.
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B. multituberculata Vredenburg, 1906; Oligocene, India.
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B. sundaica Gerth, 1922; Miocene, Java.
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B. paucituberculata (Gerth, 1922); Miocene, Madura.
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B. birmanica Vredenburg, 1932; Oligocene, Burma.
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B. cordata Hayasaka, 1947; Pliocene, Taiwan.
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B. testudinaria Hayasaka, 1947; Pliocene, Taiwan, Japan.
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Classification and/or Status |
Spatangoida, Micrasterina, Loveniidae.
?Monophyletic.
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Remarks |
Distinguished from Lovenia by having both a peripetalous and inner fasciole, and by having the sternal plates of the plastron fully tuberculate. Distinguished from Echinocardium by having prominent aboral primary tubercles in interambulacral zones with sunken areoles, a longer labral plate extending well beyond the first ambulacral plate, and a peripetalous fasciole.
Agassiz, L. & Desor, E. 1846-1847. Catalogue raisonné des familles, des genres, et des espèces de la classe des échinodermes. Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Troisième Série, Zoologie: 6 (1846), 305-374, pls 15-16; 7 (1847), 129-168; 8 (1847), 5-35, 355-380.
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