Prof. Norman MacLeod BSc, MSc, PhD, FGS, FLS

Curriculum Vitae


Business Address

Palaeontology Department
The Natural History Museum
Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK

(44) (0)207 492-5204/5295 (Office)
(44) (0)207 492-5546 (FAX)
N.MacLeod@nhm.ac.uk (E-mail)
http://www.nhm.ac.uk/hosted_sites/paleonet/
MacLeod/ (Web Page)


Home Address

63 Fingal Street
Greenwich
London SE10 0JL, UK

44) (0)207 492-5204/5295 (Office)
(44) (0)797 851-1436 (Mobile)
N.MacLeod@nhm.ac.uk (E-mail)
N. MacLeod image
NHM Image

Education

PhD 



MSc



BSc      

Paleontology, University of Texas, Dallas, 1981-1986. Thesis: Systematic, Phylogenetic, and Morphometric Analyses of the Jurassic Radiolarian Genus Perispyridium Dumitrica, 466 p., 42 figures, 26 tables, 5 appendices; Supervisor: Prof.  E. A. Pessagno Jr.

Paleontology, Southern Methodist University, 1978–1980. Thesis: The Paleoecology of   the Wolf Mountain Shale (North Central Texas): Community Structure and Trophic Analysis, 202 p., 24 figures, 2 tables, 4 appendices; Supervisor: Prof. A Lee McAlester.

Geology, University of Missouri, 1971–1975

Current Positions

Career Progress

1993 – 2008    The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom
  • Scientific Officer (1993–1994)
  • Senior Scientific Officer (1994–1996)
  • Stratigraphy & Correlation Programme Leader (1995–2001)
  • Researcher (1996–1999)
  • Petroleum Consultancy Sector Leader (1997–2001)
  • Associate Keeper of Palaeontology (2000–2001)
  • Acting Keeper of Palaeontology (11 Aug 2000–1 Oct. 2001)
  • Keeper of Palaeontology (2001–Present)

1989 – 1993    Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey
  • Researcher, Dept. of Geological and Geophysical Sciences (1989–1992)
  • Senior Researcher (Tenured), Dept. of Geological and Geophysical Sciences (1993)

1989    Consultant - AMOCO Production Company (Tulsa Research Center) on the topics of
            morphometric methods of biostratigraphic data acquisition/analysis and the numerical
            modelling of microfossil morphology and morphologic variation.

1986 – 1989    University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
  • Fellow, Michigan Society of Fellows (1986–1989)
  • Visiting Assistant Professor, Department of Geological Sciences (1986–1989)

1984 – 1986    Consultant - Atlantic Richfield (ARCO) Oil and Gas. Responsibilities included
                        development and implementation of an interactive base-map generating
                        computer program for use by the Central North Atlantic Project, development and
                        implementation of a computer based shape analysis system for use in
                        micropaleontological and biostratigraphic research, and development and
                        implementation of a computer based shape analysis system for use in
                        sedimentary petrographic and basin analysis research.

1982 – 1986    Owner - Boreas Technical Photographers, Dallas, Texas.

1981 – 1982    Scientific Programmer - Teledyne Geotech, 3401 Shiloh Rd., Garland, Texas,
                        supervisor: Jannet Hennard.

Society Memberships
  • Current Memberships
    • The Society of Systematic Biology (since 1981)
    • Willi Hennig Society (since 1985)
    • Centre for Evolution and Ecology (since 1998)
    • Systematics Association (since 2001)
    • Geological Society of London (Fellow since 2002)
    • Palaeontological Association (since 2003)
    • Linnean Society (Fellow since 2003)

  • Former Memberships
    • Paleontological Society (1978-1993)
    • Society for Sedimentary Geology (1989-1993)
    • Society of Vertebrate Paleontology (1978-1978)
    • The Micropalaeontological Society (1994-2006)

Management Training
  • NHM
    • Induction Course (1994)
    • Management Development Programme (1997-1998)
    • Foundation Module
      • People Management
      • Managing Meetings
      • Employment Law
      • Managing Change
      • Equal Opportunities
      • Evaluation Workshop
      • Financial Management
    • EU Grants Workshop (2000)
    • Special Programme in Management of Creative People (2002)
    • Leadership Development Programme (2003-2004)
  • Civil Service College
    • Effective Manager (2000)
  • Roffey Park College
    • Interpersonal Relations in Organizations (2002)
  • Advanced Management Coaching (w/ Prof. Jacquie Drake, Director Praxis Centre, Cranfield University School of Management & Senior Lecturer (Organisational Behaviour)
    • 2001-2002
    • 2007-2008

Management Experience

From 1997-1998 I line-managed two Palaeontology Department post-doctoral scientists, both of whom were funded by NERC grants to me. I continued to line manage one of these for an additional year after switching him to one of my commercially funded projects. From 1998 I served as advisor to a PhD candidate (Russell Seymour) who completed his degree course successfully in 2001. In 2002 I accepted a second PhD student (Abigail Brown) who completed her degree course in 2004. From 1998 to present I have served as advisor or co-advisor for twenty MSc students.

I was appointed Associate Keeper of the Palaeontology Department in 2000 with direct line management responsibility for four division heads, as well as the Dept. Administrator, Business Manager, and Enquiries Officer and countersigning responsibility for six others in various positions throughout the Department. In addition, as Associate Keeper I had primary responsibility for all Department research and external income-generation activities.

As Keeper I have direct line-management responsibility for all Department Individual Merit Promotion (IMP) staff, for the Associate Keeper, Head of Collections, for the administrative office staff, and for my personal research assistant. I also hold countersigning responsibility for all other researchers and all collections managers. As Keeper of Palaeontology have ultimate responsibility for all decisions made throughout the Department.
  • Service on Natural History Museum Committees
    • Global Change and the Biosphere Planning Committee (Chairperson, 1996)
    • Web Editorial Board (WEB) (1996-2000)
    • Research and Consulting Group (1999-2001)
    • Palaeo. Department Health and Safety Committee (Chairperson, 2000–present)
    • Palaeo. Dept. Executive Committee (Chairperson, 2001–present)
    • Science Group Education Committee (2002–2004)
    • Science Group Research Committee (2004-2006)
    • Science Group Collections Committee (2006–present)
    • NHM Leadership Development Programme Steering Committee (2003-2004)
    • NHM Security Committee (Steering Group) (2003–present)
    • NHM Intellectual Property Rights (Committee Member, 2007-present)
    • Human Tissue Authority Designated Individual for The Natural History Museum (2006-present)

  • PaleoBase Database Series  (General Editor)
    PaleoBase is the result of a joint publishing venture between the Palaeontology Dept., the NHM Publishing Dept., Blackwell Science Publishers, and Compustrat Database Products. PaleoBase databases provide a comprehensive taxonomic, biostratigraphical, and paleoenvironmental reference for all major invertebrate fossil groups. The PaleoBase project is unprecedented in its scope, level of detail, and commitment to the provision of the illustrations necessary for effective standardization of taxonomic concepts. I am the founder and Executive Editor of the PaleoBase series.
PaleoBase Logo
  • Palaeontologia Electronica and Coquina Press
    Palaeontologia Electronica is the world’s first internationally sponsored, peer-reviewed paleontological journal. Manuscripts from all branches of paleontology and related biological or paleontologically-related disciplines have been published in its virtual pages. Palaeontologia Electronica meets the provisions of Article 8.6 of the International Commission of Zoological Nomenclature, and was the first to publish ICZN-approved taxonomy in a completely electronic format. All technical papers are peer-reviewed by professional paleontologists and biologists (using advice from an international panel of associate editors) and published as html and pdf documents, accessible to all with Internet connections via the World Wide Web (WWW). The journal is also available on CD-ROM at nine archival libraries, through its sponsoring societies, and directly from Coquina Press. I am Palaeontologia Electronica’s founder and was its first executive editor (1998-2002). I retain an active involvement with the journal in an ‘emeritus’ editorial capacity and have recently agreed to return to active editorial duties as Technical Reviews Editor.
PE Logo
  • PaleoNet
    PaleoNet is a system of listservers, WWW pages, and ftp sites designed to enhance electronic communication among paleontologists. The listserver has the largest user subscription of any paleontological listserver and is considered the ‘list of record’ for the professional paleontological community as a whole. I am the founder and technical manager of the PaleoNet electronic communications system (1996–present).
PaleoNet Logo

Notable Achievements (otherwise not listed)
  • Excavated Late Cretaceous dinosaur footprints for Shuler Museum of Paleontology, 1982
  • Created cover illustration for Jan. 1994 Geoscientist, 1994
  • Co-leader, NHM field trip to Belize, 1995
  • Co-founder, London Applied Shape Analysis Forum, 1995
  • Geological Contributions Advisor, Microsoft Encarta Encyclopaedia, (1998-2003)
  • Associate Editor, Marine Micropaleontology (1995–2003)
  • Associate Editor Geodiversitas (2002–2006)
  • NSF Site Visit Panel Member to the CHRONOS Project, University of Iowa, Ames, Iowa (2004)
  • Section Editor (Earth History), Encyclopaedia of Geology (2001–2003)
  • NSF Paleontology and Stratigraphy Review Panel (2005)

Research Interests

My primary research interests lie in the causes of Phanerozoic extinctions, the evolution of form, biostratigraphy-paleoceanography, and the use of numerical data-analysis methods in natural history.

  • Phanerozoic Extinctions
    Since 1988 I have conducted research on a variety of extinction-related topics, in-cluding the Eocene-Oligocene marine extinction event, the Cretaceous-Tertiary marine extinction event, the Paleocene-Eocene benthic foraminiferal extinction event, and, most recently, the Phanerozoic record of marine invertebrate extinctions. This work has resulted in numerous research publications and conference abstracts, several grants, and one edit book. Systematic results have focused on the documenta-tion of planktonic foraminiferal extinctions (including the patterning of planktonic foraminiferal extinctions in time and space), as well as the historical ecology and developmental correlates of planktonic foraminiferal survivorship across major extinction horizons. More recent work in this area has focused on the role of terrestrial plants and phytoplankton in controlling the broad patterns of the Phanerozoic extinction re-cord via testing various causal mechanism time series’ that have been proposed to account for local peaks in Mesozoic and Cenozoic extinction intensity and conducting the first detailed, quantitative analyses of the background extinction gradient. In this area, I am known as one of the foremost critics of the Alvarez et al. (1980) impact-extinction scenario which, despite its support in much of the popular media and gen-eral scientific community, has failed to achieve a consensus among paleontological professionals.
G. cretacea Image
Extinctions Image            
LIP Eruption Distribution



  • The Evolution of Form
    Since 1982 I have conducted research on a variety of topics relating to patterns of phenotypic evolution. This work began with an interest in examining patterns of punctuated evolution and ‘punctuated anagenesis’ (both of which require the quantitative summarization of morphological variation), but quickly progressed to the development of improved techniques for generalized morphometric analysis, reformulation of the classical comparative method along morphometric lines, use of morphometric methods to better constrain phylogenetic hypotheses, and, most recently, application of unsupervised neural nets to the species-identification problem. Links exist between this research program and all of the others (e.g., morphometrics methods are used to assess patterns of developmental timing in K-T planktonic foraminiferal survivor species), but these are facultative, not obligatory. This research program has led to numerous research publications and conference abstracts, been an important component of several grants, and served as the subject of two edited books. In addition, I am also known throughout the morphometrics community as a principle supplier of software for undertaking morphometric analyses.
    
Outline Results
Eigensurface Grid   CVA Results


  • Biostratigraphy-Paleoceanography
    Much of my  formal post-graduate training was in the areas of biostratigraphy and paleoceanography. I have been publishing technical and methodological papers in this area since 1988. In addition, I have used my expertise in this area as the basis of a number of consulting contracts with various petroleum exploration and resource development companies. In this area I am best known for my work on the theory and application graphic correlation methods the latter of which I have applied to the analysis of evolutionary rate and rate changes in the fossil record as well as in the chronostratigraphical analysis of major extinction intervals. A third book—based on my Palaeontological Association Newsletter column  is planned for publication in 2009. In addition, I am also known throughout the graphic correlation community as a supplier of software for undertaking computer-aided stratigraphic analyses.
Cretaceous Timescale
Biozone Diagram          Graphic Correlation



  • Quantitative Data Analysis
    I have published on the use of quantitative data analysis methods in the geological an biological sciences since 1987 and invariably employ state-of-the-art numerical summarization and statistical hypothesis-testing procedures in virtually all of my publications. In this area I’m best known for my work on the development  and application of Monte-Carlo simulation and bootstrapping methods to natural history problems. In addition, I am also known throughout the paleontological community as a principal supplier of software for undertaking statistical, Monte-Carlo, and bootstrap analyses.
PCA Result
PCoord Results            3D Scatterplot



Meetings, Symposia and Field Trips Organized
  1. National Science Foundation Morphometrics Workshop (Technical Committee), Museums of Paleontology and Zoology, University of Michigan, 1988

  2. The Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary Event: Biotic and Environmental Changes (Co-organizer), Theme Session, Annual Meeting of the Geological Society of America, Boston, 1993

  3. Graphic Correlation & the Composite Standard, SEPM Research Conference (Organizing Committee), Houston, TX, 1994

  4. Field trip to K-T boundary and the mid-Cretaceous sections of Central Texas, Graphic Correlation & the Composite Standard (Co-organizer), SEPM Research Conference, Houston, TX, 1994

  5. K-T Paleocene Research Symposium (Organizer), University College, London, 1995

  6. Paleontological Databases: Techniques and Applications (Theme Session, Co-organizer), North American Paleontological Convention ‘96, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., 1996

  7. British Micropalaeontological Society Foram. Group Spring Meeting (Organizer), The Natural History Museum, London, 1997

  8. Workshop on Paleontology in the 21st Century (Organizing Committee), Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt, Germany, 1997

  9. British Micropalaeontological Society Foram. Group Spring Meeting (Organizer), The Natural History Museum, London, 1998

  10. British Micropalaeontological Society Foram. Group Spring Meeting (Organizer), The Natural History Museum, London, 1999

  11. Morphometrics, Shape and Phylogeny Symposium (Co-organizer), Biennial Meeting of the Systematics Association, Glasgow, Scotland, 1999

  12. Nature’s Treasurehouses? Conference (Organizing Committee, Programme Committee Chair), The Natural History Museum, London, 2000

  13. British Micropalaeontological Society Foram. Group Spring Meeting (Organizer), The Natural History Museum, London, 2000

  14. Controls on Phanerozoic diversifications and extinctions: long-term interactions between the physical and biotic realms (Organizer) Earth Systems Processes Conference, Edinburgh, Scotland, 2001

  15. Forams 2002 Conference (Organizing Committee), Perth, Australia, 2002

  16. Storage and retrieval of morphological data for phylogenetic analysis (Organizer), Sixth International Congress of Systematics and Evolutionary Biology, Patras, Greece, 2002

  17. Algorithmic Approaches to the Identification Problem in Systematics (Principal Organizer), cosponsored by the Systematics Association and the Natural History Museum, London, 2005

  18. Theory and Applications for Quantitative Models of Fossil Form Symposium (Organizer), North American Paleontological Convention, 2005

  19. Forams 2006 Conference (Organizing Committee), Natal, Brazil, 2006

  20. Evolutionary Morphometrics Symposium and Workshop (Organizer), Forams 2006 Conference, Natal, Brazil, 2006

  21. Evolution and Palaeontology (Co-Organizer, with D. Neraudeau), International Zoological Congress, Paris, 2008

  22. e-Biosphere 09 Conference and Workshop, (Co-Convenor, with James Edwards), London, 2009

  23. New Approaches To and Uses For Morphological Imagining/Scanning in a Collections Context (Organizer), Annual Meeting of the Society for the Preservation of Natural History Collections (SPNHC), Leiden, 2009

  24. International Palaeontological Convention (Co-Host and Executive Committee Member), London, 2010

Invited Lectures
  1. Morphometric and Phylogenetic Analysis: A New Approach to Radiolarian Systematics (University of Michigan, 1986).

  2. Morphometric and Phylogenetic Analysis: A New Approach to Systematics (Princeton University, 1987).

  3. Digital Image Analysis Systems: What They Are and What They Do (NSF - University of Michigan Workshop: Morphometrics and Systematics, organized by Jennifer Kitchell and William Fink,
    Museum of Paleontology & Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, 1988).

  4. Systematic, Phylogenetic and Morphometric Analysis of the Bizarre Jurassic Radiolarian Genus Perispyridium (Louisiana State University, 1988).

  5. Quantitative Analysis of Morphologic Variation in Middle-Late Eocene Subbotina linaperta (Finlay) from DSDP Sits 612,94 and 363 (Louisiana State University, 1988).

  6. The Origin of Hantkenina, a Cladistic Test of Alternative Hypotheses (Meeting of the Paleogene Planktic Foraminiferal Working Group, organized by W. A. Berggren and C. Hemleben, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany, 1988).

  7. Size, Shape and Development in Planktic Foraminifera (S. S. Wilks Workshop on Climate Models and Shape Theory, organized by Colin Goodall, Princeton University, 1990).

  8. Planktic foraminiferal biostratigraphy, biogeography, and paleoecology across the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K/T) boundary: Implications for event scenarios. (The Natural History Museum, London, [formerly the British (Natural History) Museum] 1993).

  9. Planktic foraminiferal biostratigraphy, biogeography, and paleoecology across the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K/T) boundary: Implications for event scenarios. (Symposium: Mesozoic Mass Extinctions, organized by Dale Russell and Alan Hildebrand,  Joint Annual Meeting of the Geological Association of Canada and the Mineralogical Association of Canada, 1993).

  10. Planktic Foraminiferal Systematics, Biostratigraphy, Biogeography, and Paleoecology Across the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K/T) Boundary: Implications for Event Scenarios (American Museum of Natural History, 1993).

  11. Biologs: A Paleontologic Approach to Sequence Analysis and Environmental Interpretation (Amoco Paleontology Seminar, 1992).

  12. Biogeography of the K/T Planktic Foraminiferal Faunal Transition (Amoco Paleontology Seminar, 1992).

  13. Functional comparisons among modern and Paleogene mammals based on quantitative analyses of skeletal element outlines. (Invited Symposium: Morphometrics, organized by B. Huber and D. Erwin, Fifth North American Paleontological Convention, 1992).

  14. Biogeography of the Cretaceous/Tertiary planktic foraminiferal faunal transition. (Invited Symposium on Paleobiogeography, organized by R. Crick, A. Raymond, and C. Scotese, Fifth North American Paleontological Convention, 1992).

  15. Eigenshape Analysis of Anatomical Outlines as a Tool for Interpreting Locomotor Behavior in Fossil Mammals (Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1992).

  16. Oceanography and Paleobiology of the K/T Transition: Relationships Between Hiatus Distributions, Extinctions, and Survivorship (Harvard University, 1991).

  17. Planktic foraminiferal response to environmental change across the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K/T) boundary (Symposium: Biological Response to Past Global Change, organized by Donald Prothero, Annual Meeting of the Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Pennsylvania State University, 1993).

  18. Planktic foraminiferal biostratigraphy, biogeography, and paleoecology across the Cretaceous -Tertiary (K/T) boundary: Implications for event scenarios. (Departmental Seminar, University of Delaware, 1993).

  19. An evaluation of criteria that may be used to identify species surviving a mass extinction (New Developments Regarding the K/T Event and Other Catastrophes in Earth History, Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, Texas, 1994).

  20. Blind Tests and survivorship of planktic foraminifera across the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K/T) boundary. (Science Officer Lecture, The Natural History Museum, London [formerly the British (Natural History), Museum] 1994).

  21. Morphometric Characterization and Analysis When There Are No Landmarks: 3D Outlines and Outline Segments (Workshop on Three-Dimensional Morphometrics, organized by Joan T. Richtsmeier, Fourth International Congress of Vertebrate Morphology, 1994).

  22. 2D & 3D Eigenshape Analysis for Macintosh Computers (Workshop on Three-Dimensional Morphometrics, organized by Joan T. Richtsmeier, Fourth International Congress of Vertebrate Morphology, 1994).

  23. Data Types, Assumptions, and Applications for Graphic Correlation (Keynote Lecture, Graphic Correlation and the Composite Standard, SEPM Research Conference organized by H. R. Lane, G. Blakke, and N. MacLeod, Houston, Texas, 1994).

  24. Mass Extinctions Across the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary (Departmental Research Seminar, Department of Geology, Imperial College, London, 1994).

  25. Mass Extinctions Across the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary (Departmental Research Seminar, Department of Geology, Cardiff University, Wales, 1995).

  26. Overview of Morphometrics (London Applied Shape Analysis Forum, London, 1995).

  27. Morphometric Methods II: Eigenshape, Extended Eigenshape, and Landmark-based techniques (London Applied Shape Analysis Forum, London, 1995).

  28. Mass Extinctions Across the Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary (Guest Lecture, Southampton Geological Society, Southampton, 1995).

  29. Computers and Paleontology (Keynote Lecture, Palaeontological Association Symposium: Computers and Palaeontology, London, 1996).

  30. Empirical shape space representations and shape modelling of fossils from landmark-registered 2D outlines, 3D outlines, and 3D surfaces, with a comment on the indeterminacy of empirical “monomorphospace” analysis. (Invited Symposium on Morphospace Concepts in Paleontology, North American Paleontological Convention, 1996).

  31. Quantitative strategies for determining the reliability of biostratigraphic data. (Invited Symposium on Quantitative Stratigraphic Paleontology, North American Paleontological Convention, 1996).
  32. The Stratigraphy of the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) Boundary: Implications for Extinction Models (Research Colloquia Speaker, Postgraduate Research Institute for Sedimentology, Reading University, Reading, 1996).

  33. The Stratigraphy of the CretaceousTertiary (KT) Boundary: Implications for Extinction Models (Research Colloquia Speaker, School of Oceanography, Southampton University, Southampton, 1997).

  34. Timing and causes of invertebrate extinctions at the CretaceousTertiary (KT) boundary (Meteorites: Flux with Time and Impact Effects, The Geological Society, London, 1997).

  35. Earth Impacts  Their Effects on Life on Earth (The Maxwell Society Cumberland Lodge Meeting “Life in the Universe,” 1997).

  36. Extinctions at the KT Boundary (Keynote Speaker, UK ODP Science Forum, London, 1997).

  37. Sex, The Royal Family, and KT Extinctions (Research Seminar Speaker,  Leicester University, 1997).

  38. The Renaissance of Graphic Correlation (Geoscience 98—Stratigraphic Timescales and Correlations: New Directions, Keele University, 1998).

  39. The Renaissance of Graphic Correlation (Keynote Speaker, British Micropalaeontological Society Annual General Meeting, 1998).

  40. Explaining Mass Extinctions: An Evaluation of Mechanisms (Research Seminar Speaker, Dept. of Geology, The University of Wales, Cardiff, 1998).

  41. Identifying instances of past environmental change and their causal mechanisms (Keynote Speaker, Geological Society of London Symposium: Defining the Effect of SubCritical Impacts, 1998).

  42. Mass Extinctions (University of the Third Age, London, 1999).

  43. Sex, The Royal Family, and KT Extinctions (Research Seminar Speaker,  University of Greenwich, 1999).

  44. The Electronic Publication of Systematic Information: Images, Databases, & Journals (Symposium Speaker,  UK Museum Computer Group Meeting, The Natural History Museum, London, 1999).

  45. The importance of stratigraphy to the KT extinction debate: New solutions to an old problem (Hertfordshire Geological Society, St. Albans, 2000).

  46. The importance of stratigraphy to the KT extinction debate: New solutions to an old problem (Open University Geological Society, Milton Keynes, 2001).

  47. The use of MonteCarlo simulations to test causal hypotheses with paleoceanographical data (Keynote Lecturer, Forams 2002 Conference, Perth Australia, 2002).

  48. Identifying longterm controls on Phanerozoic extinction and diversification patterns (Keynote Lecturer, The Palynology and Micropalaeontology of Boundaries Symposium, Geological Association of Canada – Mineralogical Association of Canada Joint Annual Meeting 2002, Saskatoon, Saskcatchewan, 2002).

  49. PaleoBase: Images, Databases, Collection Catalogues, and Commercialism in the Emerging Virtual Museum. Images and Ideas: Exhibiting Science in Museums Workshop (Prof. Leo Kandoff (organizer), University of Chicago and Museum of Science and Industry, Chicago, Illinois, 2002).

  50. Systematic Implications of a Synthesis Between Theoretical Morphology and Geometric Morphometrics (Research Seminar: Computations in Science, Department of Physics, University of Chicago, 2002).

  51. Composite Digital Images. (Research Seminar, Dept. of Geosciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia, 2002).

  52. PaleoBase: Images, Databases, Collection Catalogues, and Commercialism in the Emerging Virtual Museum. (Research Seminar, Dept. of Geosciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia, 2002).

  53. Sources of—and solutions to—error in highresolution quantitative biostratigraphical analyses (Keynote lecture, HighResolution Biostratigraphy Symposium, First International Paleontological Congress, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia 2002).

  54. Explaining extinctions: evidence for longterm ecomacroevolutionary coupling between the biodiversification of marine plankton and Phanerozoic extinctionrate controls. (Keynote lecture, Evolution of the Pelagic Realm Through Time Symposium, First International Paleontological Congress, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia, 2002).

  55. Morphometric perspectives on the MorphoBank Project. (Keynote lecture: Storage and retrieval of morphological data for phylogenetic analysis’ symposium, Sixth International Congress of Systematics and Evolutionary Biology, Patras, Greece, 2002).

  56. Morphometric analysis as a strategy for finding and defining character states: thinking the unthinkable (Evening Lecture Series, London Evolutionary Research Network, Imperial College, London, 2003).

  57. Extinctions I have known (Research Seminar, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, texas, 2004).

  58. Use of morphometric methods in systematic applications (Research Seminar, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, 2004).

  59. Algorithmic approaches to the species identification problem (Research Seminar, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, 2004).

  60. The Provision of Quantitative Tools for Analyzing and Identifying Taxa from Morphological Data over Distributed Networks (New Systematics Symposium, Systematics Association Biennial Meeting, Cardiff, Wales, 2005).

  61. Timely Fossils: The Past, Present and Future Roles of Biostratigraphy in Constructing Time Scales (Keynote Speaker, EARTHTIME: Calibrating Earth's History via Astronomic, MagnetoBiostratigraphic and Geochronologic Timescales, European Geosciences Union,  Vienna, Austria, 2006).

  62. Applied Morphometrics: Points, Outlines and Surfaces (Research Seminar Series, Palaeontologisches Institut und Museum, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland, 2006).

  63. Automated taxon discrimination: a synthesis between morphometrics and artificial intelligence (Keynote lecture, MorphoFest, Vienna, Austria, 2006).

  64. Size, extinction, survivorship, and phylogeny in foraminifera (Keynote lecture, Lilliput Effect Symposium (B. Wade & R. Twichett organizers), Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, Seattle, Washington, 2006).

  65. Mass Extinctions: Victims, Survivors, and Causes (Farhham Maltings Lecture, Farnham, Surrey, 2007).

  66. The sixth extinction? What dinosaurs can tell us about the modern biodiversity crisis (Annual Lecture, Leicester Literary & Philosophical Society, Leicester, 2007).

  67. Eigensurface analysis: a new method for modelling and analyzing 3D morphological data (Computeraided Visualisation in Palaeontology Symposium (I. Rahman and M. Sutton, organizers, Imperial College, London, 2007).
  68. Methods in taxonomy, ordination and classification (SSOR Working Group 130 Meeting, J. Benfield and P. Culverhouse, organizers; Ubatuba, Brazil, 2008)
  69. Non-linear discrimination and classification (SSOR Working Group 130 Meeting, J. Benfield and P. Culverhouse, organizers; Ubatuba, Brazil, 2008)

  70. Morphometric data analysis: principles, approaches and prospects (Palaeontological Data Analysis Workshop, International Geological Congress Workshop WSS-13, Oyvind Hammer and Mikael Fortelius organizers; Olso, Norway, 2008)

  71. Algorithmic Approaches to the Class-Recognition Problem in Systematics (TOTAL Petroleum Research Seminar, TOTAL Research Facility, Pau, France, 2008)

Financial Support
  • Grants

    • Leverhulme Automating the identification of bats from their echolocation calls (w/ Dr. K. Jones and Prof. G. Jones, £157,942) [Pending]

    • NERC    Ecogeographic patterning and secular trends in skeletal growth and development, 2009-2012 (w/ Dr. L. H. Humphrey, £373,607) [Pending].

    • TOTAL    The Automated Identification of Planktonic Foraminifera: A Feasibility Test (€10,000).

    • TOTAL    Deep Water Arenaceous Foraminifera (DWAF): Relationships with Environments and Sedimentary Geometries in Deep Turbiditic Basins, 2009 (w/ M. A. Kaminski, €70,000).
    • CEE    The Evolution of Bat Echolocation 2008-2009 (w/ Prof. S. Rossiter, £3,750).

    • AHRC    PrediCtoR: A predictive too for managing destructive sampling of mate-rials for ancient DNA analysis (w/ M. Collins, University of York)  (£39,974) [Pending]

    • ACS    Testing the effect of taxonomic bias on estimating Pliocene – Recent sea surface temperatures using planktonic foraminifera, 2006-07 ($40,000)

    • NHM    Automated Recognition of Fossil and Recent Taxa Using Particle-Analysis, Geometrical-Morphometric, and Pattern-Recognition Meth-ods, 2003-04 (£4,000).

    • NERC    Taxonomic Revision and Illustrated Relational Database for Deep-Sea Benthic Foraminifera, 1997-2001 (£130,261).

    • NERC    Mesoscale Response to Rapid Environmental Change in Kimmeridgian Benthic Foraminifera (Meiofauna), 1997-2000 £32,481 (with S. Culver).

    • NSF    Anatomy and Adaptations of Early Eocene Mammals from Wyoming, 1995-98, $190,000 (with K. Rose).

    • NHM    Field Investigation of the Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T) Boundary in Belize, 1995, £8,000 (with R. Hutchinson).

    • NSF    Biotic and Abiotic Constraints on Phenotypic Evolution During the Re-covery of Planktic Foraminiferal Diversity After the K/T Boundary Event, 1990-91, $63,221.00 (with G. Keller).

    • NSF    Phenotypic Evolution in Lineages of Eocene and Miocene Fora-minifera, 1988-90, $84,666.00 (with J. A. Kitchell).

    • NSF    Macroevolutionary Studies of the Mesozoic Radiolarian Families Hagi-astridae (Subfamily Higumastrinae), Patulibracchidae, Pantanellidae and Parvicinguli-dae, 1984-86, $99,606.00 (with E. A. Pessagno Jr.).


  • Commercial Projects

    • Blackwell    Deep-Sea Benthic Foraminifera CD-ROM, 2001-2003 (£ 3,500).

    • Shell U.K.    Graphic Correlation of three North Sea wells, 1998 (£ 4,100).

    • Blackwell    Macrofossils CD-ROM, 1998-2001 (£ 45,500).

    • Blackwell    Microfossils CD-ROM, 1998-1999 (£ 12,500).

    • Mobil    Consulting Contract, 1984. ($4,000).

    • ARCO     Consulting Contract, 1985-1986. ($15,000).

    • ARCO     Consulting Contract, 1984-1985. ($15,000).

    • ARCO     Consulting Contract, 1983-1984. ($12,000).

    • ARCO     Consulting Contract, 1982-1983. ($12,000).

    • ARCO     Consulting Contract, 1981-1982. ($12,000).

    • ARCO    Consulting Contract, 1980-1981. ($10,000).

Field Work

1979
1981-1983
1984
1988
1990   
1992
1994  
1996 
1998   

North-Central Texas (Wolf Mountain Shale)
John Day Inlier (Jurassic Section)
North Central Mexico (Pleistocene Terrace Deposits)
Spain, Israel (Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary)
Central Texas (Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary)
Central Texas (Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary)
Northern Mexico (Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary)
Belize (Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary
Belize (Paleontological/Stratigraphical Survey)

Refereeing
  • Major Academic Journals
    • Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
    • Bulletin of the Geological Society of America
    • Computers & Geosciences
    • Cushman Journal of Foraminiferal Research
    • Earth-Science Reviews
    • Evolution
    • Evolution and Development
    • Geology
    • Historical Biology
    • Journal of Paleontology
    • Journal of the Geological Society of London
    • Journal of Human Evolution
    • Journal of Sedimentary Petrology
    • Journal of Zoology, Systematics, and Evolutionary Research
    • Journal of Systematic Palaeontology
    • Marine Micropaleontology
    • Micropalaeontology
    • Nature
    • Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
    • Paläontologische Zeitschrift
    • Paleontologia Electronica
    • Palaios
    • Paleobiology
    • Proceedings of the Royal Society, Series B
    • Revista Española Micopalaeontologíe
    • Science
    • Systematics and Biodiversity
    • Systematic Biology
    • Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
    • Zoolgica Scripta
  • Grant-Awarding Bodies
    • National Science Foundation (NSF)
    • Petroleum Research Fund
    • The National Geographic Society
    • National Environmental Resources Council (NERC)
    • German Research Foundation (DRF)
    • Marsden Fund
    • Keck Foundation
  • Publishers
    • Academic Press
    • Blackwell Science
    • Cambridge University Press
    • Geological Society of America
    • Heinneman Library
    • John Wiley

  • Institutions
    • Smithsonian Institution (National Museum of Natural History)
    • University College London
    • American Museum of Natural History

Teaching
  • H. Grady Spruce High School, Dallas, Texas.
  • Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas.
  • The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
  • The University of Texas, Dallas, Texas.
  • The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan.
  • Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey.
  • University College London, UK.
  • Imperial College, London, UK.

Student Theses and Dissertations
  • MSc
    • Russell Seymour, The subspecies in taxonomy and conservation: patterns of subspecific designations and assessment of methods for determining sub-species, Imperial College, 1997

    • Claire Wilsher, Ecomorphology and evolution of South African dung beetles (Scarabaeinae), Imperial College, 2000

    • Francisca Sandra Kern, A comparison of how four systematic methods determine hybrid parentage using British Sorbus apomictis as a model organism, Imperial College, 2001

    • Katherine M. McDonald, Investigation into morphometric variation in a collection of laboratory mouse lines, phenotypically selected for large and small size over 60 generations: estimation of allometric scaling exponents for femoral bones and eigenshape analysis of mandible, Imperial College, 2004

    • Graham Slater, Geographic variation and subspecific taxonomy in the African leopard Panthera pardus sspp., Imperial College, 2004

    • Stephen M. Roberts, A study of cephalopod beak morphology to examine any potential as a phylogenetic tool and improving its usefulness in specimen identification, Imperial College, 2004

    • Roger Benson, Morphometric and unsupervised neural net analyses of basal tetrapod dermal sculpture, Imperial College, 2005

    • Eugenie Barrow, Morphometric analysis of model dentaries (Talpidae, Mammalia), Imperial College, 2005

    • Ursula Smith, Objective identification of mollusc species using geometric morphometrics, Imperial College, 2005

    • Francois Gould, Distribution of shape variation in the teeth of the European Cave Bear Ursus splaeus Rosenmüller analyzed using three-dimensional eigenshape and computer image analysis, Imperial College, 2005

    • Olivia Scholtz, Termite soldier defence strategies: a reassessment of Prestwich’s classification using extended eigenshape analyses of head morphology, Imperial College, 2005

    • Natalie Dale-Skey Papilloud, Sexual shape dimorphism in Araneomorphae: a comparative study, Imperial College, 2006

    • Johanna Barbrook, Comparison of Ursus deningeri and Ursus arctos teeth using geometric morphometrics, Imperial College, 2006

    • Johanna Babcock, Taxonomic Status of Cave Bears, Imperial College, 2006
    • Timothy Galton, Taxonomic implications of relative growth and sexual dimorphism in Lystrosaurus (Therapsida, Dicynodontia) from South Africa, Imperial College, 2006

    • Kalina Davis, Morphological evolution of Pleistocene bears in response to climatic variations, Imperial College, 2006

    • Andya Primanda, Worker mandible shape and feeding groups in termites, Imperial College, 2006

    • Elizabeth Pickering, Testing species limits using morphometric and molecular data in a morphologically variable Solanum (Solanaceae) species, Imperial College, 2006

    • Mark Young, Taxonomic re-assessment of the marine crocodile Metriorhynchus (Crocodyliformes: Thalattosuchia) from the Callovian (Middle Jurassic) of England, Imperial College, 2006

    • Laura Green, The relationship between humerus shape and wing shape in birds, Imperial College, 2007

    • Holly Sievwright, The ecomorphology of the avian humerus: using morphometric techniques to predict habitat preferences in the Falconiformes, Imperial College, 2007

    • Louis Hadjioannou, Inferring locomotory adaptations based on morphological differences of the astragulus of deer (Cervidae, Artiodactyla) using 3D imagery, Imperial College, 2007

    • Timothy Astrop, The Family Mecochiridae (Curstacea: Decapoda: a contemporary phylogenetic and morphometric analysis, Imperial College, 2007

    • Alex Papadopulos, The evolution of dung beetle assemblages: the effects of inter-specific competition on morphology and niche partitioning, Imperial College, 2007

    • Jessica Dean, Adaptation modification of the human skeleton through habitual activity: a morphometric analysis of the upper limb in Spitalfields weavers, Imperial College, 2008

    • Laura McFarlane, Geometric morphometric analysis of the humerus as a predictor of environmental preferences in the Strigiformes, Imperial College, 2008
  • MRes
    • Julia Heathcoat, Morphometric investigation of iguanodont teeth, Imperial College, 2004

    • Laura Wilson, Morphometric criteria for sexing juvenile human skeletons: the ilium, Imperial College, 2007

    • Sam Bolton, Geometric morphometrics of the gonopods of scutigeromorph centipedes (Chilopoda), with a model-based approach to canonical variates analysis, Imperial College, 2008

    • Michelle Scott, Centipede mandible morphometrics, Imperial College, 2009.
  • PhD
    • Maureen A. O’Leary, New Data from the Integument and Osteoderms for Amniote Phylogeny, Johns Hopkins University, 1996

    • Russell Seymour, Patterns of subspecies diversity in the Giraffe, Giraffa camelopardis (Linneaus 1758): comparison of systematic methods and their implications for conservation policy, University of Kent, 2003

    • Will Parr, Morphometric investigations of the primate foot joint, University College London, 2008

    • Eugenie Barrow, Systematics and Functional Morphology of Fossil and Extant Hyracoidea (Mammalia), Oxford University, 2010

    • Kalina Davies, The evolution of bat echolocation, Queen Mary & Westfield University, 2010


Media Work
  • National Public Radio (US)
  • Today Programme (BBC Radio 4, UK)
  • BBC World Service Radio (UK)
  • Drive Time (BBC Radio 3, UK)
  • Morning News (BBC TV)
  • Horizon (BBC TV, UK)
  • Equinox Documentaries (ITV TV, UK)
  • Channel 4 Evening News (ITV TV, UK)
  • University Challenge (ITV TV, UK)
  • 60 Minutes (Australian TV, Australia)
  • The Guardian (Newspaper, UK)
  • The Times (Newspaper, UK)

Publications Summary

Peer-Reviewed Technical Articles
In Press Technical Articles
Non-Peer-Reviewed Technical Articles
Technical Reports
Books
Published Reviews
Meeting, Conference, Symposium Abstracts
Popular Works

Total Publications

95
    9
  28
    6
    6 22  128
   2

296
  

  

Publications
  • Peer-Reviewed Technical Articles
  1. Archiblad, J. D., and MacLeod, N., 2007, Dinosaurs, extinction theories for, in Levin, S. A., ed., Encyclopedia of Biodiversity: Amsterdam, Elsevier, p. 1–9.

  2. Barrow, E., and MacLeod, N., 2008, Shape variation in the mole dentary (Talpidae: Mammalia): Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, v. 153, p. 187–211.

  3. Beeson, D., Gartner, S., Keller, G., MacLeod, N., Medus, J., Rocchia, R. and Robin, E., 1994, The K/T Boundary along the Brazos River, Falls County, Texas: Multidisciplinary stratigraphy and depositional environment, New Developments Regarding the K/T Event and Other Catastrophes in Earth History: Houston, Texas, Lunar and Planetary Institute, p. 9–10.

  4. García-Rodriguez, F. J., de la Cruz Aguero, J., Pérez-Enriquez, R., and MacLeod, N., 2004, Morphometric analysis of population differentiation and sexual dimorphism in the blue spiny lobster Panulirus inflatus (Bouvier 1895) from NW Mexico, in Elewa, A. M. T., ed., Morphometrics: Applications in Biology and Paleontology: London, Springer, p. 29–44.

  5. Hudson, J. D. and MacLeod, N., 1998, Discussion on the Cretaceous–Tertiary biotic transition: Journal of the Geological Society, v. 155, p. 413–419.

  6. Huber, B. T., Liu, C., Olsson, R. K., Berggren, W. A., Keller, G., and MacLeod, N., 1994, MicroForum: Comment and response on "The Cretaceous-Tertiary transtition in the Antarctic Ocean and its global implications", by G. Keller: Marine Micropaleontology, v. 24, no. 1994, p. 91–118.

  7. Keller, G., Li, L. and MacLeod, N., 1994, The K/T boundary stratotype section at El Kef Tunisia: How catastrophic was the mass extinction, New Developments Regarding the K/T Event and Other Catastrophes in Earth History: Houston, Texas, Lunar and Planetary Institute, p. 59–60.

  8. Keller, G., Li, L. and MacLeod, N., 1995, The Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary stratotype section at El Kef, Tunisia: How Catastrophic was the mass extinction?: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 119, p. 255–273.

  9. Keller, N. and MacLeod, N., 1992, Faunal turnover and depth stratification: their relationship to climate and productivity events in the Eocene to Miocene pelagic realm, in Ishizaki, K., and Saito, T., eds., Centenary of Japanese Micropaleontology: Contributed Papers in Honor of Professor Yokichi Takayanagi: Tokyo, Terra Scientific Publishing Company, p. 1–14.

  10. Keller, G., and MacLeod, N., 1993, Carbon isotopic evidence for biomass burning at the K-T boundary: Comment and Reply (Comment): Geology, v. 21, p. 1149-1150.

  11. Keller, G. and MacLeod, N., 1995, The Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary transition in the Antarctic Ocean: Reply: Marine Micropaleontology, v. 24, p. 101–118.

  12. Keller, G., MacLeod, N. and Barerra, E., 1992, Eocene-Oligocene faunal turnover in planktic foraminifera and Antarctic glaciation, in Prothero, D., and Berggren, W. A., eds., Eocene-Oligocene Climatic and Biotic Evolution: Princeton, Princeton University Press, p. 218–244.

  13. Keller, G., MacLeod, N., Ivany, L. and Salawitch, R., 1993, Carbon isotopic evidence for biomass burning at the K-T boundary: Comment and Reply: Geology, v. 21, p. 1149–1151.

  14. Keller, G., MacLeod, N., Lyons, J. B. and Officer, C. B., 1993, Is there evidence for Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary-age deep-water deposits in the Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico?: Geology, v. 21, p. 776–780.

  15. Keller, G., Stinnesbeck, W., Adatte, T., Lopez-Oliva, G. and MacLeod, N., 1994, The K/T boundary clastic deposits in northeastern Mexico as product of non-catastrophic geologic processes, in Keller, G., Stinnesbeck, W., Adatte, T., MacLeod, N., and Lowe, D., eds., Field Guide to Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary Sections in Northeastern Mexico: Houston, Texas, Lunar and Planetary Institute, p. 65–94.

  16. Keller, G., Stinnesbeck, W., Adatte, T., MacLeod, N. and Lowe, D., 1994, Field Guide to Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary Sections in Northeastern Mexico: Houston, Texas, Lunar and Planetary Institute, p. 110.

  17. Keller, N. and MacLeod, N., 1992, Faunal turnover and depth stratification: their relationship to climate and productivity events in the Eocene to Miocene pelagic realm, in Ishizaki, K., and Saito, T., eds., Centenary of Japanese Micropaleontology: Contributed Papers in Honor of Professor Yokichi Takayanagi: Tokyo, Terra Scientific Publishing Company, p. 1–14.

  18. Kitchell, J. A., Estabrook, G. and MacLeod, N., 1987, Rates of evolution: testing for equality of generative processes using the bootstrap: Paleobiology, v. 13, p. 272–285.

  19. Kitchell, J. A. and MacLeod, N., 1988, Testing macroevolutionary interpretations of symmetry and synchroneity in the fossil record: Science, v. 240, p. 1190–1193.

  20. Knoll, M. A., Uther, M., MacLeod, N., O'Neill, M., and Walsh, S. A., 2006, Emotional, linguistic or cute? The function of pitch contours in infant- and foreigner-directed speech: Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on speech prosody, p. 165–168.

  21. Knoll, M. A., Walsh, S. A., MacLeod, N., O'Neill, M., and Uther, M., 2007, Good performers know their audience! Identification and characterization of pitch contours in infant- and foreigner-directed speech, in MacLeod, N., ed., Automated taxon recognition in systematics: theory, approaches and applications: Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, p. 299–310.

  22. MacLeod, N., 1982, The first North American occurrence of the Late Cretaceous elasmobranch Ptychodus rugosus Dixon with comments on the functional morphology of the dentition and dermal denticles: Journal of Paleontology, v. 56, p. 403–409.

  23. MacLeod, N., 1982, Upper Pennsylvanian peritidal benthic marine communities from the Wolf Mtn. Shale (Canyon Group) north-central Texas, in Cromwell, D., ed., Middle and Upper Pennsylvanian System of North-Central and West Texas: Symposium and Field Conference Guidebook: Midland, Texas, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, p. 167–178.

  24. MacLeod, N., 1988, Lower and Middle Jurassic Perispyridium (Radiolaria) from the Snowshoe Formation, east-central Oregon: Micropaleontology, v. 34, p. 289–315.

  25. MacLeod, N., 1990, Digital images and automated image analysis systems, in Rohlf, F. J., and Bookstein, F. L., eds., Proceedings of the Michigan Morphometrics Workshop: Ann Arbor, MI, The University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, Special Publication 2, p. 21-35.

  26. MacLeod, N., 1990, Effects of Last Eocene impacts on planktic foraminifera, in Sharpton, V. L., and Ward, P. D., eds., Global catastrophes in Earth history: an interdisciplinary conference on impacts, volcanism, and mass mortality: Boulder, Geological Society of America Special Paper, p. 595–606.

  27. MacLeod, N., 1991, Punctuated anagenesis and the importance of stratigraphy to paleobiology: Paleobiology, v. 17, p. 167-188.

  28. MacLeod, N., 1993, The Maastrichtian-Danian radiation of triserial and biserial planktic foraminifera: Testing phylogenetic and adaptational hypotheses in the (micro)fossil record: Marine Micropaleontology, v. 21, no. 1, p. 47-100.

  29. MacLeod, N., 1994, An evaluation of criteria that may be used to identify species surviving a mass extinction, New Developments Regarding the K/T Event and Other Catastrophes in Earth History: Houston, Texas, Lunar and Planetary Institute, p. 75-77.

  30. MacLeod, N., 1995, Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T) biogeography of planktic foraminifera: Historical Biology, v. 10, p. 49-101.

  31. MacLeod, N., 1995, Graphic correlation of high latitude Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary sequences at Nye Kløv (Denmark), ODP Site 690 (Weddell Sea), and ODP Site 738 (Kerguelen Plateau): Comparison with the El Kef (Tunisia) boundary stratotype: Modern Geology, v. 19, p. 109–147.

  32. MacLeod, N., 1995, Graphic correlation of new Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T) boundary sections, in Mann, K. O., and Lane, H. R., eds., Graphic Correlation and the Composite Standard: Tulsa, Society for Sedimentary Geology Special Publication 53, p. 215–233.

  33. MacLeod, N., 1995, Stratotypes and Stratotypology: International Subcommission on Paleogene Stratigraphy Newsletter, v. 4, p. 18–20.

  34. MacLeod, N., 1996, K-T Redux: Paleobiology, v. 22, p. 311–317.

  35. MacLeod, N., 1996, Nature of the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) planktonic foraminiferal record: stratigraphic confidence intervals, Signor-Lipps effect, and patterns of survivorship, in MacLeod, N., and Keller, G., eds., The Cretaceous-Tertiary mass extinction: biotic and environmental changes: New York, W. W. Norton & Co., p. 85–138.

  36. MacLeod, N., 1996, Stratigraphic completeness and planktic foraminiferal survivorship across the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K/T) boundary, in Moguilevsky, A., and Whatley, R., eds., Microfossils and Oceanic Environments: Aberystwyth, Wales, University of Wales, p. 327–353.

  37. MacLeod, N., 1996, Testing patterns of Cretaceous-Tertiary planktonic foraminiferal extinctions at El Kef (Tunisia), in Ryder, G., Fastovsky, D., and Gartner, S., eds., The Cretaceous-Tertiary Event and Other Catastrophes in Earth History: Boulder, Geological Society of America, Special Paper 307, p. 287–302.

  38. MacLeod, N., 1998, On the reproducibility of paleontological data: a perspective on the El Kef foraminiferal blind test results, in El Kef Workshop, Tunis, Tunisia.

  39. MacLeod, N., 1998, The Renaissance of Graphic Correlation, Proceedings, Geoscience 98: London, The Geological Society.

  40. MacLeod, N., 1998, Systematics and Biostratigraphy of Cretaceous and Tertiary Planktonic Foraminifera from the Smaller Size Fraction (>63µm) at El Kef, Tunisia, in El Kef Workshop, Tunis, Tunisia.

  41. MacLeod, N., 1998, Impacts and marine invertebrate extinctions, in Grady, M. M., Hutchinson, R., McCall, G. J. H., and Rotherby, D. A., eds., Meteorites: flux with time and impact effects: London, Geological Society of London, p. 217–246.

  42. MacLeod, N., 1999, Generalizing and extending the eigenshape method of shape visualization and analysis: Paleobiology, v. 25, no. 1, p. 107–138. | Download PDF |

  43. MacLeod, N., 1999, Oligocene and Miocene palaeoceanography—a review, in Whybrow, P. J., and Hill, A., eds., Fossil vertebrates of Arabia: New Haven, Yale University Press, p. 501–507.

  44. MacLeod, N. 2000. Information technology and the Earth sciences. Pp. 540–543 in P. L. Hancock and B. J. Skinner, eds. The Oxford Companion to the Earth. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
  45. MacLeod, N. 2000. Extinction! First Science.com 2000.

  46. MacLeod, N. 2001. Extinction. in Encyclopaedia of Life Sciences. Macmillan, London. | Download PDF |

  47. MacLeod, N. 2001. K-T mass extinction. in Encyclopaedia of Life Sciences. Macmillan, London.

  48. MacLeod, N., 2001, Landmarks, localizability and the use of morphometrics in phylogenetic analysis. in Adrain, J., Edgecombe, G., and Lieberman, B., eds., Fossils, Phylogeny and Form: New York, Kluwer Academic/Plenum Press, New York, p. 197–233. | Download PDF |

  49. MacLeod, N. 2001. The role of phylogeny in quantitative paleobiological analysis. Paleobiology 27, p. 226–241. | Download PDF |

  50. MacLeod, N. 2002. Morphometrics. in M. D. Pagel ed. Encyclopedia of Evolution, Academic Press, London, p. 768–771.

  51. MacLeod, N. 2002. Testing evolutionary hypotheses with adaptive landscapes: use of random morphological simulation studies. Mathematische Geologie 6, p. 45–55.

  52. MacLeod, N. 2002. Phylogenetic signals in morphometric data. in N. MacLeod and P. Forey, eds. Morphometrics, shape, and phylogenetics. Taylor and Francis, London, p. 100–138. | Download PDF |

  53. MacLeod, N. 2002. Geometric morphometrics and geological form-classification systems. Earth-Science Reviews 59, p.27–47. | Download PDF |

  54. MacLeod, N., 2002, PaleoNet: paleontology, publication, and community in the digital age: Computers and Geosciences 28, p.1161–1166.

  55. MacLeod, N., 2003, The causes of Phanerozoic extinctions, in Rothschild, L., and Lister, A., eds., Evolution on Planet Earth: London, Academic Press, p. 253–277.

  56. MacLeod, N., 2004, Punctuated equilibria (evolutionary theory), in Geller, E., ed., McGraw-Hill Yearbook of Science & Technology: New York, McGraw-Hill, p. 277–280.

  57. MacLeod, N., 2004, Identifying Phanerozoic extinction controls: statistical considerations and preliminary results, in Beaudoin, A. B., and Head, M. J., eds., The palynology and micropaleontology of boundaries: London, Geological Society of London, Special Publications, p. 11–33.

  58. MacLeod, N., 2004, Extinction (revised), Encyclopedia of Life Sciences: London, Macmillan.

  59. MacLeod, N., 2004, K-T mass extinction (revised), Encyclopedia of Life Sciences: London, Macmillan.

  60. MacLeod, N., 2005, Stratigraphic principles, in Selley, R. C., Cocks, L. R. M., and Plimer, I. R., eds., Encyclopedia of geology: London, Academic Press, p. 295–307. | Download PDF |

  61. MacLeod, N., 2005, Biozones, in Selley, R. C., Cocks, L. R. M., and Plimer, I. R., eds., Encyclopedia of geology: London, Academic Press, p. 294–306. | Download PDF |

  62. MacLeod, N., 2005, Cretaceous, in Selley, R. C., Cocks, L. R. M., and Plimer, I. R., eds., Encyclopedia of Geology: London, Academic Press, p. 360–372. | Download PDF |

  63. MacLeod, N., 2005, End-Cretaceous extinctions, in Selley, R. C., Cocks, L. R. M., and Plimer, I. R., eds., Encyclopedia of Geology: London, Academic Press, p. 372–386. | Downoad PDF |

  64. MacLeod, N., 2005, Mass extinction causality: statistical assessment of multiple-cause scenarios: Russian Journal of Geology and Geophysics, v. 9, p. 979–987. | Download PDF |

  65. MacLeod, N., 2005, Shape models as a basis for morphological analysis in paleobiological systematics: dicotyledenous leaf physiography: Bulletins of American Paleontology, v. 369, p. 219–238. | Download PDF |

  66. MacLeod, N., 2007, The sixth extinction? What dinosaurs can tell us about the modern biodiversity crisis: Transactions of the Leicester Literary & Philosophical Society, v. 101, p. 20–23. 

  67. MacLeod, N., 2008, Understanding morphology in systematic contexts: 3D specimen ordination and 3D specimen recognition, in Wheeler, Q., ed., The New Taxonomy: London, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, p. 143–210. | Download PDF | Download Plates |

  68. MacLeod, N. and Carr, T. R., 1987, Morphometrics and the analysis of shape in conodonts, in Austin, R. L., ed., Conodonts: Investigative Techniques and Applications: Chichester, Ellis Horwood Limited, p. 168–187.

  69. MacLeod, N. and Carter, J. L., 1984, A method for obtaining consistent specimen orientations for use in microfossil biometric studies: Micropaleontology, v. 30, p. 306-310.

  70. MacLeod, N., Diver, P., Guralnick, R., Lazarus, D. and Malmgren, B., 1997, Computers, quantification, and databases in the 21st Century: Kleine Senckenbergreihe, v. 25, p. 145–153.

  71. MacLeod, N., Diver, P., Guralnick, R., Lazarus, D., and Malmgren, B., 2000, Computers, Quantification & Databases, in Lane, R. H., Steininger, F. F., Kaesler, R. L., Zeigler, W., and Lipps, J., eds., Fossils and the future: paleontology in the 21st Century: Frankfurt, Germany, Senckenburg Museum, p. 191–201.

  72. MacLeod, N. and Guralnick, R., 2000, Paleoinformatics, in Lane, R. H., Steininger, F. F., Kaesler, R. L., Zeigler, W., and Lipps, J., eds., Fossils and the future: paleontology in the 21st Century: Frankfurt, Germany, Senckenberg Museum, p. 31–36.

  73. MacLeod, N. and Keller, G., 1991, Hiatus distributions and mass extinctions at the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary: Geology, v. 19, p. 497-501.

  74. MacLeod, N. and Keller, G., 1991, How complete are Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary sections? A chronostratigraphic estimate based on graphic correlation: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 103, p. 1439-1457.

  75. MacLeod, N. and Keller, G., 1994, Comparative biogeographic analysis of planktic foraminiferal survivorship across the Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T) boundary: Paleobiology, v. 20, p. 143-177.

  76. MacLeod, N., Keller, G. and Kitchell, J. A., 1990, Progenesis in Late Eocene populations of Subbotina linaperta (Foraminifera) from the western Atlantic: Marine Micropaleontology, v. 16, p. 219-240.

  77. MacLeod, N. and Kitchell, J., 1990, Morphometrics and evolutionary inference: A case study involving ontogenetic and developmental aspects of evolution, in Rohlf, F. J., and Bookstein, F. L., eds., Proceedings of the Michigan Morphometrics Workshop: Ann Arbor, The University of Michigan Museum of Zoology, Special Publication 2, p. 283-299.

  78. MacLeod, N., and Krieger, J., 2007, Eigensurface analysis: a new method of modeling and analyzing 3d morphological data, in Sutton, M., ed., Computeraided visualization in palaeontology London, Department of Earth Science  & Engineering, Imperial College, p. 8–9.

  79. MacLeod, N., N. Ortiz, N. Fefferman, W. Clyde, C. Schulter, and J. MacLean. 2000. Phenotypic response of foraminifera to episodes of global environmental change. Pp. 51–78 in S. J. Culver and P. Rawson, eds. Biotic response to global change: the last 145 million years. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

  80. MacLeod, N., O'Neill, M. A., and Walsh, S. A., 2007, A comparison between morphometric and artificial neural net approaches to the automated species-recognition problem in systematics, in Curry, G., and Humphries, C., eds., Biodiversity databases: techniques, politics, and applications: Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, p. 37–62. | Dowload PDF |

  81. MacLeod, N., O'Neill, M., and Walsh, A. S., 2007, Automated tools for the identification of taxa from morphological data: face recognition in wasps, in MacLeod, N., ed., Automated taxon recognition in systematics: theory, approaches and applications: Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, p. 153–188. | Download PDF |

  82. MacLeod, N., Rawson, P. F., Forey, P. L., Banner, F. T., BouDagher-Fadel, M. K., Bown, P. R., Burnett, J. A., Chambers, P., Culver, S., Evans, S. E., Jeffrey, C., Kaminski, M. A., Lord, A. R., Milner, A. C., Milner, A. R., Morris, N., Owen, E., Rosen, B. R., Smith, A. B., Taylor, P. D., Urquhart, E. and Young, J. R., 1997, The Cretaceous-Tertiary biotic transition: The Journal of the Geological Society of London, v. 154, p. 265–292.

  83. MacLeod, N. and Rose, K. D., 1993, Inferring locomotor behavior in Paleogene mammals via eigenshape analysis: American Journal of Science, v. 293-A, p. 300-355.

  84. MacLeod, N. and Sadler, P., 1995, Estimating the Line of Correlation, in Mann, K., and Lane, H. R., eds., Graphic Correlation and the Composite Standard: Tulsa, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Special Publication 53, p. 51–64.

  85. MacLeod, N. and Slaughter, B. H., 1980, A new ptychodontid shark from the Upper Cretaceous of northeast Texas: Bulletin of the Texas Academy of Science, v. 32, p. 333–335.

  86. Pessagno, E. A., Blome, C. D., Carter, E. S., MacLeod, N., Whalen, P. A. and Yeh, K.-Y., 1987, Preliminary radiolarian zonation for the Jurassic of North America: Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research Special Publication, v. 23, p. 18.

  87. Pessagno, E. A., Longoria, J. F., MacLeod, N. and Six, W. M., 1987, Upper Jurassic (Kimmeridgian - Upper Tithonian) Pantanellidae from the Taman Formation, east-central Mexico: Cushman Foundation for Foraminiferal Research Special Publication, v. 23, p. 51.

  88. Polly, P. D., and MacLeod, N., 2008, Locomotion in fossil Carnivora: an application of the eigensurface method for morphometric analysis of 3D surfaces: Palaeontologia Electronica, v. 11, no. 2, p. 13p.

  89. Rea, D. K., Lohmann, K. C., MacLeod, N., House, M. A., Hovan, S. A. and Martin, G. D., 1991, Oxygen and carbon isotopic records from the oozes of ODP Sites 752,754,756, and 757, eastern Indian Ocean, Scientific Results of the Ocean Drilling Project, Leg 121: College Station, Texas, Ocean Drilling Project, p. 229–239.

  90. Scholtz, O., MacLeod, N., and Eggleton, P., 2008, Termite soldier defense strategies: a reassessment of Prestwich's classification using extended eigenshape analysis of head morphology: Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, v. 153, p. 631–650.

  91. Stinnesbeck, W., Keller, G., Adatte, T., Lopez-Oliva, J. G. and MacLeod, N., 1996, Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary clastic deposits in northwestern Mexico: Impact tsunami or sea-level lowstand, in MacLeod, N., and Keller, G., eds., The Cretaceous-Tertiary Mass Extinction: Biotic and Environmental Events: New York, W. W. Norton & Co., p. 471–518.

  92. Stinnesbeck, W., Keller, G., Adatte, T., MacLeod, N., Smit, J., Roep, T. B., Alvarez, W., Claeys, P. and Montanari, A., 1994, Deposition of channel deposits near Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in northeastern Mexico: Catastrophic or "normal" sedimentary deposits?: Comment and Reply: Geology, v. 22, p. 953–956.

  93. Stinnesbeck, W., Keller, G., de la Cruz, J., de Léon, C., MacLeod, N. and Whittaker, J. E., 1997, The Cretaceous-Tertiary transition in Guatemala: Limestone breccia deposits from the South Petén Basin: Geologische Rundschau, v. 86, p. 686–709.

  94. Walsh, S. A., MacLeod, N., and O'Neill, M., 2007, Spot the Penguin - can reliable taxonomic identifications be made using isolated foot bones, in MacLeod, N., ed., Automated taxon recognition in systematics: theory, approaches and applications: Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, p. 225–237.

  95. Wilson, L. A., MacLeod, N., and Humphrey, L. T., 2008, Morphometric criteria for sexing juvenile human skeletons using the ilium: Journal of Forensic Sciences, v. 10, p. 269–278.

  • In Press Technical Articles
  1. MacLeod, N., in press, PaleoBase: Deep-sea benthic foraminifera: Oxford, Blackwell Science and The Natural History Museum.

  2. MacLeod, N., in press, PaleoBase: Macrofossils (Part 3): Oxford, Blackwell Science and The Natural History Museum.

  3. MacLeod, N., in press, PaleoBase: Microfossils: Oxford, Blackwell Science and The Natural History Museum.

  4. Walsh, S. A., MacLeod, N., and O'Neill, M. A., in press, Analysis of spheniscid humerus and tarsometatarsus morphological variability using DAISY automated image recognition: Oryctos.

  5. Kennedy, W. J., Reyment, R. A., MacLeod, N., and Krieger, J., submitted, Species discrimination in the ammonite Genus Knemiceras von Buch, 1848: Systematic Palaeontology.

  6. MacLeod, N., in press, Cretaceous-Tertiary planktonic foraminfieral biostratigraphy and survivorship (revisited), in López-Oliva, J. G., ed.: Linnares, Neuvo Leon, Mexico, Teatro de la Ciudad Linnares.

  7. MacLeod, N., in press, Images, totems, types and memes: perspectives on an iconological mimetics: Culture, Theory and Critique.

  8. Kennedy, W. J., Reyment, R. A., MacLeod, N., and Krieger, J., in press, Species discrimination in the ammonite Genus Knemiceras von Buch, 1848: Newsletters in Stratigraphy.

  9. Bolton, S., MacLeod, N., and Edgecombe, G. D., submitted, Geometric Approaches to the Taxonomic Analysis of Centipede Gonopods (Chilopoda: Scutigeromorpha): Biological Journal of the Linnean Society.

  • Non-Peer-Reviewed Technical Articles
  1. Holbourn, A., MacLeod, N., and Culver, S. J., 1998, Taxonomic revision and illustrated relational database of deep-sea benthic formainifera: Newsletter of Micropalaeontology, v. 58, p. 15.

  2. Hudson, J. D., and MacLeod, N., 1998, Discussion on the Cretaceous–Tertiary biotic transition: Journal of the Geological Society, v. 155, p. 413–419.

  3. MacLeod, N., 1997, Images, databases, and palaeontology: PESGB Newsletter, v. 1997, no. February, p. 14–15.

  4. MacLeod, N., 1998, The challenge of electronic publication in micropaleontology: North American Micropaleontology Section Newsletter, v. 19, p. 1,6–7.

  5. MacLeod, N., 2004, Prospectus & Regressions 1: Palaeontological Associa-tion Newsletter, v. 55, p. 28–36. | Download PDF |

  6. MacLeod, N., 2004, Regression 2: The Palaeontological Association Newsletter, v. 56, p. 60–71. | Download PDF |

  7. MacLeod, N., 2005, Regression 3: The Palaeontological Association Newsletter, v. 57, p. 32–43. | Download PDF |

  8. MacLeod, N., 2005, Regression 4: Going Multivariate: The Palaeontological Association Newsletter, v. 58, p. 44–53. | Download PDF |

  9. MacLeod, N., 2005, Principal components analysis (eigenanalysis & regression 5): Palaeontological Association Newsletter, v. 59, p. 42–54. | Download PDF |

  10. MacLeod, N., 2005, Factor analysis: Palaeontological Association Newsletter, v. 60, p. 38–51. | Download PDF |

  11. MacLeod, N., 2006, Minding your Rs and Qs: Palaeontological Association Newsletter, v. 61, p. 42–60. | Download PDF |

  12. MacLeod, N., 2006, Rs and Qs II: correspondence analysis: Palaeontological Association Newsletter, v. 62, p. 60–74. | Download PDF |

  13. 1MacLeod, N., 2006, Data blocks and partial least squares analysis: Palaeontological Association Newsletter, v. 63, p. 36–48. | Download PDF |

  14. MacLeod, N., 2007, Groups I: Palaeontological Association Newsletter, v. 64, p. 35–45. | Download PDF |

  15. MacLeod, N., 2007, Groups II: Palaeontological Association Newsletter, v. 65, p. 36–49. | Download PDF |

  16. MacLeod, N., 2007, Groups III: cluster analysis: Palaeontological Association Newsletter, v. 66, p. 21–36. | Download PDF |

  17. MacLeod, N., 2007, Introduction, in MacLeod, N., ed., Automated taxon recognition in systematics: theory, approaches and applications: Boca Raton, Florida, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, p. 1–7.

  18. MacLeod, N., 2008, Multidimensional scaling and ordination: Palaeontological Association Newsletter, v. 67, p. 26–44. | Download PDF |

  19. MacLeod, N., 2008, Distances, landmarks and allometry: Palaeontological Association Newsletter, v. 68, p. 30–39. | Download PDF |

  20. MacLeod, N., 2008, Size & shape coordinates: Palaeontological Association Newsletter, v. 69, p. 23–33. | Download PDF |

  21. MacLeod, N., 2009. Who is Procrustes and what has he done with my data. Palaeontological Association Newsletter, 70: 25–37. | Download PDF |

  22. MacLeod, N., 2009. Dissecting major extinction events. The Science of Nature 2009. The Natural History Museum, London, p. 25.

  23. MacLeod, N., 2009. Automated species identification at The Natural History Museum. The Science of Nature 2009. The Natural History Museum, London, p. 15.

  24. MacLeod, N., and Forey, P. L., 2002, Introduction: morphology, shape, and phylogenetics, in MacLeod, N., and Forey, P. L., eds., Morphology, shape and phylogeny: London, Taylor & Francis, p. 1–7.

  25. MacLeod, N. and Keller, G., 1996, Introduction, in MacLeod, N., and Keller, G., eds., The Cretaceous-Tertiary Mass Extinction: Biotic and Environmental Changes: New York, W. W. Norton & Co., p. 1–6.

  26. MacLeod, N. and Lane, H. R., 1994, PaleoNet: Palaios, v. 9, no. 5, p. 429-430.

  27. MacLeod, N., and Patterson, R. T., 1998, The role and promise of electronic publishing in paleontology: Palaeontologia Electronica, v. 1, no. 1.

  28. MacLeod, N., Walsh, S. A., and O'Neill, M. A., 2005, Automated object recognition in systematics: The Systematist, v. 25, p. 14–16.

  • Technical Reports
  1. MacLeod, N., 1985, Geological image analysis: an overview with specific reference to the analysis of fossils, grains and pores: ARCO Research Report, v. 85-138, p. 1–93.

  2. MacLeod, N., 1985, The Paleogeographic Atlas Program Package: User's Guide for the creation of computer generated base maps and paleogeographic reconstructions: ARCO Research Report, v. 85-92, p. 1–12.

  3. MacLeod, N., 1986, Pore Analysis Program Package - User's Guide: ARCO Reservoir Technical Memorandum, v. 86-7, p. 1–12.

  4. MacLeod, N., 1986, Survey of image analysis technology - 1986: ARCO Reservoir Technical Memorandum, v. 86–6, p. 1–15.

  5. MacLeod, N., Whittaker, J., Williams, J. and Young, J., 1995, Biostratigraphy of microfossil biotas from the Indus Basin, Pakistan based on core samples obtained by Oolithica Geoscience Ltd: The Natural History Museum.

  6. MacLeod, N., 1998, Graphic correlation of microfossil, palynological, and log data from the Shell 29/1 Area: Shell Exploration.

  1. Keller, G., Stinnesbeck, W., Adatte, T., MacLeod, N. and Lowe, D., 1994, Field Guide to Cretaceous-Tertiary Boundary Sections in Northeastern Mexico: Houston, Texas, Lunar and Planetary Institute, p. 110.

  2. MacLeod, N., 2000, PaleoBase: Macrofossils (Part 1): Oxford, Blackwell Science and The Natural History Museum.

  3. MacLeod, N., 2003, PaleoBase: Macrofossils (Part 2): Oxford, Blackwell Science and The Natural History Museum.

  4. MacLeod, N. and P. Forey. 2002. Morphometrics, shape and phylogenetics. Taylor & Francis, London, 308 p.
  5. MacLeod, N. and Keller, G., 1996, The Cretaceous-Tertiary Mass Extinction: Biotic and Environmental Changes: New York, W. W. Norton & Co., 595 p.

  6. MacLeod, N., 2007, Automated taxon identification in systematics: theory, approaches, and applications: London, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 339 p.

  • Published Reviews
  1. MacLeod, N., 1994, Review of Elsevier Microfossil Wall Chart: Earth Science Reviews, v. 37, p. 256–258.

  2. MacLeod, N., 1994, Review of the Snowbird III Conference on New Developments Regarding the K/T Event and Other Catastrophes in Earth History, Houston, Texas, Feb. 9-12, 1994, in Jenkins, G., ed., International Subcommission on Paleogene Stratigraphy Newsletter No. 3, p. 8–13.

  3. MacLeod, N., 1995, Review of The Eocene-Oligocene Transition: Paradise Lost: Historical Biology, v. 10, p. 191.

  4. MacLeod, N., 1997, Review of Biotic Recoveries from Mass Extinction Events: Marine Micropaleontology, v. 30, p. 350–353.

  5. MacLeod, N., 1997, Review of Biotic Recoveries from Mass Extinction Events: Marine Micropaleontology, v. 30, p. 350–353.

  6. MacLeod, N., 1998, Review of Mass Extinctions and Their Aftermath: The Times Higher Education Supplement, v. February 6 1998, p. 27.

  7. MacLeod, N., 1998, Review of Deep-Sea Foraminifera from Cretaceous-Paleogene Boundary Strata in the South Atlantic—Taxonomy and Paleoecology by J. G. V. Widmark: Newsletter of Micropalaeontology, v. 58, p. 39–42.

  8. MacLeod, N., 2002, Review of Randomization, Bootstrap, and Monte Carlo Methods in Biology: Biological Journal of the Linnean Society.

  9. MacLeod, N., 2002, Review of Fourier Descriptors and Their Applications is Biology: Biological Journal of the Linnean Society.

  10. MacLeod, N., 1998, Surveying Natural Populations: Palaeontologia Electronica, v. 1, no. 1.

  11. MacLeod, N., 1999, Biostratigraphy, phylogeny, and systematics of Paleocene trochospiral planktonic foraminifera: Newsletter of Micropalaeontology, v. 61, p. 40–42.

  12. MacLeod, N. 2000. Review of The first fossil hunters: paleontology in Greek and Roman times by A Mayor. Palaeontologia Electronica 3.

  13. MacLeod, N. 2001. Review of The Character Concept in Evolutionary Biology, Palaeontological Association Newsletter 47, p. 76–80.

  14. MacLeod, N. 2002. Review of Extinct. Palaeontological Association Newsletter 49, p. 64–67.
  15. MacLeod, N., 2002, Review of Controversy: catastrophism and evolution, the ongoing debate: Proceedings of the Geologist's Association, v. 113, p. 275–278.

  16. MacLeod, N. 2002. Review of The Ecology of Adaptive Radiation. Palaeontological Association Newsletter 50, 70–74.

  17. MacLeod, N. 2002. Review of The Structure of Evolutionary Theory by S. J. Gould. Palaeontological Association Newsletter 50, p. 40-46.

  18. MacLeod, N. 2003. Beyond heterochrony and back to the future. Journal of Paleontology 77, p. 401–405.

  19. MacLeod, N., 2003, The extinction of all life and the sublime aspects of neocatastrophism: The Palaeontological Association Newsletter, v. 54, p. 49–64.

  20. MacLeod, N., 2005, Review of Geometric morphometrics for biologists: a primer: The Palaeontological Association Newsletter, v. 58, p. 72-78.

  21. MacLeod, N. 2005. Review of Paleontological Data Analysis. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology.

  22. MacLeod, N., 2006, Review of Extinction by D. Erwin: Palaeontological Association Newsletter, v. 62, p. 126–131.

  • Conference and Symposium Abstracts
  1. Aguilera-Franco, N., and MacLeod, N., 2001, Graphic correlation in a Cenomanian-Turonian succession, southern Mexico: Association of Petroleum Geologists Comfex Meeting, Abstracts with Progams.

  2. Barrow, E., Krieger, J., and MacLeod, N., 2008, Quantitative discrimination between hyracoid teeth using 3D eigensurface analysis: Journal of Vertebrate Palaeontology, v. 28, no. 3, Supplement 1), p. 48A.

  3. Barrow, E., Krieger, J., MacLeod, N., and Sieffert, E., 2008, Quantitative taxonomic and positional discrimination among hyracoid teeth using 3D eigensurface analysis: Programme, 52nd Palaeontological  Association Annual Meeting, Glasgow, p. 42.

  4. Beeson, D., Gartner, S., Keller, G., MacLeod, N., Médus, J. and Rocchia, R., 1994, A multidisciplinary approach to stratigraphy and depositional environment across the Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary at the Brazos River, Falls County, Texas: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 25, no. 6, p. A297.

  5. Brown, A., and MacLeod, N., 2002, Variation in trilobite terrace-ridge patterns using extended eigenshape analysis, in Butterfield, N., Clack, J., and Wood, R., eds., The Palaeontological Association Newsletter: Cambridge, The Palaeontological Association, p. 12.

  6. Cohen, H. A., Lundberg, N. and MacLeod, N., 1990, Cretaceous chert clasts in the Gravina Belt, southeast Alaska: Evidence for a contemporaneous oceanic source terrane: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 23, no. 6, p. A434.

  7. D'Hondt, S., Keller, G. and MacLeod, N., 1989, Phylogenetic and stratigraphic analysis of earliest Paleocene planktic foraminifera: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 21, no. 6, p. A278.

  8. Danelian, T., and MacLeod, N., 2008, Morphometric analysis of the Eocene radiolarian lineage Podocyrtis (Lampterium), in RST Nancy 2008 (French bi-annual meeting of earth sciences), Nancy, France, p. 26.

  9. García-Rodríguez, F. J., Agüero, J. C., Pérez-Enriquez, R., and MacLeod, N., 2005, Morfometría y estructura genética de langosta azul Panulirus inflatus (Bouvier 1895) en el pacífico Mexicano, in XI Foro Científico y Taller Sobre Investigación, Evaluación y Manejo de Langostas Sspinosas, La Paz, Mexico.

  10. Hay, A., Krieger, J., Galinha, C., MacLeod, N., and Tsiantis, 2008, KNOX-dependent aspects of asymmetric leaves1 shape space, in xxxxx, xxxx, p. xxxx.

  11. Henderson, A. S., MacLeod, N., and Culver, S. J., 1998, The reliability of micropalaeontological data: and example from the Kimmeridge Clay of Dorset: The Palaeontological Association Newsletter, v. 42, p. 33–33.

  12. Henderson, A. S., MacLeod, N., Swallow, J., Culver, S. J., and Buzas, M. J., 1998, How reproducible are foraminiferal data?: spatial, temporal, environmental & taxonomic domains.: Revista de la Sociedad Mexicana de Paleontología, v. 9, p. 47–47.

  13. Henderson, A. S., Swallow, J., MacLeod, N. and Culver, S. J., 1998, Temporal Variation in Foraminiferal Assemblages from the Kimmeridge Clay, Dorset, England, in British Micropalaeontological Society Foraminiferal Group Spring Meeting, London, U.K., p. 4.

  14. Henderson, A. S., Swallow, J., MacLeod, N., and Culver, S. J., 1998, Temporal variation in foraminiferal assemblages from the Kimmeridge Clay, Dorset, England: Initial Report: Newsletter of Micropalaeontology, v. 58, p. 14–15.

  15. Holbourn, A. and MacLeod, N., 1998, An illustrated relational database for use in ODP deep-sea benthic foraminiferal studies, in Ocean Drilling Forum, Edinburgh, Scotland.

  16. Holbourn, A., MacLeod, N., and Culver, S. J., 1998, Taxonomic revision and illustrated relational database of deep-sea benthic formainifera: Newsletter of Micropalaeontology, v. 58, p. 15.

  17. Keller, G. and MacLeod, N., 1989, Late Eocene - Early Oligocene faunal turnover in planktonic foraminifera: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 21, no. 6, p. A23.

  18. Kitchell, J. A. and MacLeod, N., 1987, When is a rate difference different?: testing hypotheses of equality of rates in time-ordered data: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 19, no. 6, p. A728.

  19. Kitchell, J. A. and MacLeod, N., 1989, The role of extinction and impact events in iterative evolution: Developmental timing shifts and the evolutionary record of planktonic foraminifera: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 21, no. 6, p. A106.

  20. Knoll, M., Uther, M., MacLeod, N., O'Neill, M., and Walsh, S., 2005, Novel approaches to pitch contour analysis of infant and foreigner directed speech, in MacLeod, N. (ed.), Algorithmic Approaches to the Identification Problem in Systematics, London, p. 4–5.

  21. Knoll, M. A., Uther, M., MacLeod, N., O'Neill, M., and Walsh, S. A., 2006, Emotional, linguistic or cute? The function of pitch contours in infant- and foreigner-directed speech: Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on speech prosody, p. 165–168.

  22. Krieger, J., and MacLeod, N., 2007, Measurement and scale dependency in geometric approaches to morphological disparity analyses Palaeontological Association Newsletter, v. 66, p. 40–41.

  23. Krieger, J., and MacLeod, N., 2008, The analysis of 2D and 3D biological size and shape data using Mathematica and webMathematica, in International Mathematica Symposium Proceedings, Maastricht, The Nethelands.

  24. MacLeod, N., 1981, Four Upper Pennsylvanian benthic marine communities from the Wolf Mountain Shale (Canyon Group), north-central Texas: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 13, no. 6, p. A287.

  25. MacLeod, N., 1983, Allometric modelling of homologous radiolarian shape distributions: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 15, no. 6, p. A632.

  26. MacLeod, N., 1983, The use of truss analysis in evolutionary studies of Mesozoic Radiolaria. Program, in First SEPM-NAMS Radiolarian Workshop, Richardson, Texas.

  27. MacLeod, N., 1984, Morphologic evolution in the Mesozoic radiolarian genus Perispyridium: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 16, no. 2, p. A106.

  28. MacLeod, N., 1984, Morphologic integration in the Mesozoic Radiolaria, in Geologic Shape Analysis Conference, Woods Hole, Massachusetts.

  29. MacLeod, N., 1985, Analysis of morphologic integration and the recognition of character complexes in Perispyridium, Pachyoncus, and Parvicingula (Radiolaria): a comparative study: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 17, no. 6, p. A650–A651.

  30. MacLeod, N., 1986, Phylogenetic and morphometric analysis of the Jurassic radiolarian genus Perispyridium: a unified approach to radiolarian systematics, in North American Paleontological Convention IV, Boulder, Colorado, p. A30.

  31. MacLeod, N., 1989, Is punctuated anagenesis a stratigraphic artifact?: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 21, no. 6, p. A229.

  32. MacLeod, N., 1991, Extensions of the eigenshape technique to incorporate landmarks and analyze non-closed curves: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 23, no. 6, p. A472.

  33. MacLeod, N., 1992, Graphic correlation of K/T boundary sequences, in International Workshop on Cretaceous-Tertiary Transitions (El Kef Section), Tunis, Tunisia, p. 20.

  34. MacLeod, N., 1992, Graphic correlation of K/T boundary sequences, in International Workshop on Cretaceous-Tertiary Transitions (El Kef Section),  Tunis, Tunisia.

  35. MacLeod, N., 1993, Stratigraphic, morphotypic, ecologic, biogeographic, and macroevolutionary response of planktic foraminifera to environmental changes across the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 25, no. 6, A296.

  36. MacLeod, N., 1994, Graphic Correlation of New Cretaceous-Tertiary (K/T) Boundary Sequences from Denmark, Alabama, Mexico, Weddell Sea, and Kerguelen Plateau: Implications for a Global Model of Trans-K/T Sediment Accumulation, in Microfossils and Oceanic Environments, Aberystwyth, Wales, p. 25.

  37. MacLeod, N., 1994, Morphometric characterization and analysis of three-dimensional outlines and outline segments: Journal of Morphology, v. 220, p. 369.

  38. MacLeod, N., 1995, Testing morphometric data for phylogenetic and functional covariance: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 11, Supplement No. 3, p. 41A-42A.

  39. MacLeod, N., 1996, Empirical shape space representations and shape modelling of fossils from landmark-registered 2D outlines, 3D outlines, and 3D surfaces, with a comment on the indeterminacy of empirical “mono-morphospace” analysis, in North American Paleontological Convention ‘96, Washington, D. C., p. 254.

  40. MacLeod, N., 1998, On the Reproducibility of Paleontological Data: A Perspective on the El Kef Foraminiferal Blind Test Results, in International Workshop on Cretaceous-Tertiary Transitions (El Kef Section), Tunis, Tunisia.

  41. MacLeod, N., 1998, The renaissance of graphic correlation, in Geoscience 98, Keele, UK.

  42. MacLeod, N., 1998, Systematics and biostratigraphy of Cretaceous and Tertiary planktonic foraminifera from the smaller size fraction (>63µm) at El Kef, Tunisia, in Keller, G., ed., El Kef Workshop: Tunis, Tunisia, Tunisian Geological Survey, p. 15.

  43. MacLeod, N., 1998, On the reproducibility of paleontological data: a perspective on the El Kef foraminiferal blind test results, in Keller, G., ed., El Kef Workshop: Tunis, Tunisia, Tunisian Geological Survey, p. 15.

  44. MacLeod, N., 1998, The challenge of electronic publication in micropaleontology: North American Micropaleontology Section Newsletter, v. 19, p. 1,6–7.

  45. MacLeod, N., 1998, Using paleontological data to identify the proximate and ultimate causes of mass extinctions: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 30.

  46. MacLeod, N., 1999, The evolutionary control of biodiversity: evolutionary-ecological links between planktonic and macroinvertebrate benthic clades: Proceedings, European Union of Geosciences, v. 10, p. 274.

  47. MacLeod, N., 1999, The implications of phylogeny for quantitative paleontological data analysis: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 31

  48. MacLeod, N., 1999, Phylogenetic signals in morphometric data, in Systematics Association Biennial Conference, Glasgow, UK, p. 15.

  49. MacLeod, N., 1999, Comparing phenetic and phylogenetic patterns of morphological evolution in Perispyridium (Radiolaria), in British Micropalaeontological Society Silicofossil Group Meeting, Bath, UK, p. 6.

  50. MacLeod, N., 1999, The implications of phylogeny for quantitative paleontological data analysis: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 31, no. 6, A138.

  51. MacLeod, N. 2000. Phanerozoic extinctions. Abstracts, Annual Meeting of the British Association, 2000.

  52. MacLeod, N. 2000. Raup's dictum and the role of paleontology in testing extinction causal processes. Pp. 154-155 in C. Korberel, eds. Catastrophic events & mass extinctions: impacts and beyond. Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston.

  53. MacLeod, N., 2000, Phanerozoic extinctions: Abstracts, Annual Meeting of the British Association, v. xx, p. xx.

  54. MacLeod, N., 2001, Identifying controls on Phanerozoic extinction and diversification patterns: Earth Systems Processes Conference, Programmes with Abstracts, p. 67.

  55. MacLeod, N., 2001, The importance of phylogeny in micropaleontological data analysis and hypothesis testing, in Henderson, A., ed., Annual Meeting, British Micropalaeontological Society Foram Group: London, British Micropalaeontological Society, p. 14.
  56. MacLeod, N., 2001, Controls on Phanerozoic extinctions and diversifications, Earth Systems: Edinburgh, Geological Society of America and Geological Society of London.

  57. MacLeod, N., 2002, The biometry of the foraminiferal shell revisited, in Revets, S., and Haig, D., eds., Forams 2002: Perth Australia, University of Western Australia.

  58. MacLeod, N., 2002, The virtual laboratory, in Revets, S., and Haig, D., eds., Forams 2002: Perth, Australia, University of Western Australia.

  59. MacLeod, N., 2002, Identifying long-term controls on Phanerozoic extinction and diversification patterns, in Stauffer, M., ed., Saskatoon 2002: from plains to shield: the making of a continent's interior: Saskatoon, Saskcatchewan, Geological Association of Canada - Mineralogical Association of Canada, p. 71.

  60. MacLeod, N. 2002. PaleoBase: Images, Databases, Collection Catalogues, and Commercialism in the Emerging Virtual Museum. in Kandoff, L., ed. Images and ideas: exhibiting science in museums. Department of Physics, University of Chicago, University of Chicago and the Museum of Science and Industry, Chicago, Illinois, p. 4.

  61. MacLeod, N. 2002. Systematic Implications of a Synthesis Between Theoretical Morphology and Geometric Morphometrics. in Kandoff, L., ed. Computations in  Science. Department of Physics, University of Chicago, University of Chicago, p. 7.

  62. MacLeod, N., 2002, Sources of—and solutions to—error in high-resolution quantitative biostratigraphical analyses, in Brock, G., and Talent, J. A., eds., Proceedings, International Paleontological Congress 2002: Sydney, Australia, Geological Society of Australia, p. 105.

  63. MacLeod, N. 2002. Explaining extinctions: evidence for long-term eco-macroevolutionary coupling between the biodiversification of marine plankton and Phanerozoic extinction-rate controls. in Brock, G., and J. A. Talent, eds. Proceedings, International Paleontological Congress 2002. Geological Society of Australia, Sydney, Australia, p. 104.

  64. MacLeod, N. 2002. Morphometric perspectives on the MorphoBank Project. In Mickevitch, M. ed., Proceedings of the Sixth International Congress of Systematics and Evolutionary Biology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece, p. 196.

  65. MacLeod, N. 2002. Use of morphometrics to identify character states. in Butterfield, N. Clack, J., Wood, R., eds, Proceedings of the 50th Palaeontological Association Annual Meeting, The Palaeontological Association, Cambridge, p. 28-29.

  66. MacLeod, N., 2003, Evolutionary paleobiology and the science of form (revisited): The Geological Society of America, Abstracts and Programs, v. 35, no. 6, p. 207.

  67. MacLeod, N., 2003, The Palaeontologia Electronica Experience: Paleontology, Publishing, and Perseverance in the Digital Age, Newsletter of the Blueline: Lawrence, Kansas, Association of Earth Science Editors, p. 11.

  68. MacLeod, N., 2003, Evolutionary paleobiology and the science of form (revisited): The Geological Society of America, Abstracts and Programs, v. 35, no. 6, p. 207.

  69. MacLeod, N., 2004, A statistical evaluation of the association between LIP volcanism and extinction-intensity peaks over the last 250 m.y.: 32nd International Geological Congress, Abstracts Volume, v. 1, p. 798.

  70. MacLeod, N., 2004, Use of shape models and morphometrics in paleobiological systematics: 32nd International Geological Congress, Abstracts Volume, v. 1, p. 15.

  71. MacLeod, N., 2005, Phylogeny and the evolutionary history of planktonic foraminiferal size variation, in Lyell Conference, London.

  72. MacLeod, N., 2005, On the unity of theoretical and empirical morphospaces: PaleoBios, v. 25, no. 2 (Supplement), p. 78.

  73. MacLeod, N., 2005, The provision of quantitative tools for analyzing and identifying taxa from morphological data over distributed networks, in 2005 Biennial Meeting of the Systematics Association, Cardiff, Wales, p. 13–14.

  74. MacLeod, N., 2006, Phylogeny and the evolutionary history of planktonic foraminiferal test size, in Kotsukos, E., ed., FORAMS 2006: Natal, Brazil, Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias - UFRJ, p. 392–393.

  75. MacLeod, N., 2006, Automated recognition of planktonic foraminiferal species, in Kotsukos, E., ed., FORAMS 2006: Natal, Brazil, Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias - UFRJ, p. 727–728.

  76. MacLeod, N., 2006, Timely fossils: the past, present and future roles of biostratigraphy in constructing time scales, European Geosciences Union General Assembly: Vienna, Austria, European Geosciences Union, p. 123.

  77. MacLeod, N., 2006, Phylogeny and the evolutionary history of planktonic foraminiferal test size, in Kotsukos, E., ed., FORAMS 2006: Natal, Brazil, Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias - UFRJ, p. 392–393.

  78. MacLeod, N., 2006, History repeating itself, The ship: the art of climate change (Exhibition Programme): London, Natural History Museum (London), p. 4.

  79. MacLeod, N., 2006, Automated taxon discrimination: a synthesis between morphometrics and artificial intelligence, in Bookstein, F., and Schafer, K., eds., MorphoFest: Vienna, Austria, Department of Anthropology, University of Vienna, p. 123–4.

  80. MacLeod, N., 2006, Size, extinction, survivorship, and phylogeny in foraminifera: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 38, no. 6, p. 196.

  81. MacLeod, N., 2006, Automated taxon discrimination: a synthesis between morphometrics and artificial intelligence, in Bookstein, F., and Schafer, K., eds., MorphoFest: Vienna, Austria, Department of Anthropology, University of Vienna, p. 123–4.
  82. MacLeod, N., 2007, Automated taxon identification in systematics: theory, approaches, and applications: London, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 339 p.

  83. MacLeod, N., 2007, A comparison between geometric morphometric and PSOM neural net approaches to automated species identification in planktonic foraminifera, in Uye, S., ed., 4th International Zooplankton Production Symposium, Program and Abstracts: Hiroshima, Japan, Hiroshima University, p. 196.

  84. MacLeod, N., 2008, Eigensurface analysis: a new semiandmark-based method for analyzing and modeling 3D shape data, in 33rd International Geological Congress, Oslo, Norway.

  85. MacLeod, N., 2008, Morphometric data analysis: principles, approaches and prospects, in Palaeontological Data Analysis Workshop, International Geological Congress Workshop WSS-13, Oslo, Norway.

  86. MacLeod, N., 2008, Morphometric characters for phylogenetic analysis, in Phylogenetics and Genomics Workshop, London, p. 24.

  87. MacLeod, N., 2008, Overview of morphometric techniques, in Phylogenetics and Genomics Workshop, London, p. 23.

  88. MacLeod, N., 2008, Eigensurface analysis: a new semilandmark-based method for analyzing and modelling 3D shape data, in 33rd International Geological Congress, Oslo, Norway, p. 139.

  89. MacLeod, N., 2008, The Lilliput effect in Cretaceous-Tertiary (K-T) planktonic foraminifera, in 20th International Congress of Zoology, Programme with Absracts, Paris, France, p. 15.

  90. MacLeod, N., 2008, Cretaceous-Tertiary planktonic foraminfieral biostratigraphy and survivorship (revisited), in Simplso Geoscientífico Internacional Linnares, Linnares, Neuvo Léon, Mexico, p. 24.

  91. MacLeod, N., and Archibald, J. D., 2005, The decline and fall of the non-avian dinosaurs: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 25, no. 3 [Supplement], p. 87A.

  92. MacLeod, N. and Carr, T. R., 1989, When are large scale paleobiologic patterns an epiphenomenon of global variations in sediment accumulation rates?, in 28th International Geological Congress, Washington, D. C., p. 345.

  93. MacLeod, N. and Keller, G., 1990, Chronostratigraphy of K/T boundary sequences: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 22, no. 6, p. A278.

  94. MacLeod, N. and Keller, G., 1990, Foraminiferal phenotypic response to environmental changes across the Cretaceous - Tertiary boundary: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 22, no. 6, p. A106.

  95. MacLeod, N. and Keller, G., 1992, Biogeography of the Cretaceous/Tertiary planktic foraminiferal faunal transition, in Fifth North American Paleontological Convention, Chicago, Illinois, p. 193.

  96. MacLeod, N. and Keller, G., 1992, Cretaceous planktic foraminifera in lowermost Tertiary sediments: reworked particles or the remains of living populations?: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 24, no. 6, p. A332.

  97. MacLeod, N. and Keller, G., 1993, Planktic foraminiferal biostratigraphy, biogeography, and paleoecology across the Cretaceous-Tertiary (K/T) boundary: Implications for event scenarios, in Joint Annual Meeting of the Geological Association of Canada and the Mineralogical Association of Canada, Calgary, p. A-65.

  98. MacLeod, N. and Keller, G., 1993, Stratigraphic, morphotypic, ecologic, biogeographic, and macroevolutionary response of planktic foraminifer to environmental changes across the Cretaceous - Tertiary (K/T) boundary: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 25, no. 6, p. A296.

  99. MacLeod, N. and Keller, G., 1996, Quantitative strategies for determining the reliability of biostratigraphic data, in North American Paleontological Convention ‘96, Washington, D. C., p. 255.

  100. MacLeod, N. and Keller, G., 1998, Systematics and Biostratigraphy of Cretaceous and Tertiary Planktonic Foraminifera from the Smaller Size Fraction (>63µm) at El Kef, Tunisia, in International Workshop on Cretaceous-Tertiary Transitions (El Kef Section), Tunis, Tunisia.

  101. MacLeod, N. and Kitchell, J. A., 1987, Inducement of heterochronic variation in a species of planktic foraminifera by a Late Eocene impact event, Global Catastrophes in Earth History: An Interdisciplinary Conference on Impacts, Volcanism, and Mass Mortality: Houston, Texas, Lunar and Planetary Institute, p. 112.

  102. MacLeod, N. and Kitchell, J. A., 1988, The origin of Hantkenina: a phylogenetic analysis of alternative hypotheses: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 20, no. 6, p. A234.

  103. MacLeod, N., Kitchell, J. A. and Keller, G., 1987, Paedomorphic dwarfing of Late Eocene G. linaperta (Foraminifera) associated with a microtektite horizon: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 19, no. 6, p. A755.
  104. MacLeod, N., and Krieger, J., 2007, Measurement dependency, scale dependency, and the effect of phylogenetic autocorrelation in geometric approaches to morphological disparity analyses: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 39, p. 4.

  105. MacLeod, N., and Krieger, J., 2007, Reasons for, and approaches to, automating taxonomic identifications in paleontology: Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Programs, v. 39, p. 215.

  106. MacLeod, N., and Krieger, J., 2007, Eigensurface analysis: a new method of modeling and analyzing 3d morphological data, in Sutton, M., ed., Computer-aided visualization in palaeontology London, Department of Earth Science  & Engineering, Imperial College, p. 8–9.

  107. MacLeod, N., O'Neill, M. A., and Walsh, S. A., 2003, PaleoDAISY: an integrated and adaptive system for the automated recognition of fossil species: The Geological Society of America, Abstracts and Programs, v. 35, no. 6, p. 316.

  108. MacLeod, N., O'Neill, M. A., and Walsh, S. A., 2003, You’ve all just been made redundant!?!: Understanding (and coming to terms with) automated object recognition in palaeontology: Palaeontological Association Newsletter, v. 54, p. 144–145.

  109. MacLeod, N., O'Neill, M. A., and Walsh, S. A., 2004, A comparison between morphometric and unsupervised, artificial, neural-net approaches to automated species identification in foraminifera, in Sheldon, E., Stouge, S., and Henderson, A., eds., Proceedings, The Micropalaeontological Society Calcareous Plankton Spring Meeting: Copenhagen, Denmark, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland, Ministry of the Environment, GEUS, p. 21.

  110. MacLeod, N., O'Neill, M. A., and Walsh, S. A., 2004, The automated recognition of vertebrate fossils: methods, applications, and implications: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 24, Supplement to No. 3, p. 86A–87A.

  111. MacLeod, N. and Ortiz, N., 1995, Comparison of patterns of phenotypic variation in planktonic and benthonic foraminifera across the Cretaceous-Tertiary and Paleocene-Eocene event horizons: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 26, no. 6.

  112. MacLeod, N., and Polly, P. D., 2005, A new eigenshape-based morphometric method for analyzing 3D patterns of shape variation for surfaces and objects, v. 60, p. 23.

  113. MacLeod, N. and Rose, K. D., 1991, Eigenshape analysis as a tool for inferring locomotor behavior in fossil mammals: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 11, Supplement no. 3, p. 44A.

  114. MacLeod, N. and Rose, K. D., 1992, Functional comparisons among modern and Paleogene mammals based on quantitative analyses of skeletal element outlines, in Fifth North American Paleontological Convention, Chicago, Illinois, p. 194.

  115. MacLeod, N. and Rose, K. D., 1997, 3D morphometric-functional analysis of modern and Paleogene mammalian radial heads: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 13, Supplement No. 3, p. 61A.

  116. MacLeod, N. and Slaughter, B. H., 1980, A new species of Upper Cretaceous elasmobranch (genus Ptychodus Agassiz) from the Taylor Formation, central Texas, in 83rd Annual Meeting, Texas Academy of Science, Corpus Christi, Texas.
  117. MacLeod, N., Walsh, A. S., and O'Neill, M., 2005, Algorithmic approaches to the identification problem in systematics: programme and abstracts: London, Natural History Museum, p. 11.

  118. MacLeod, N., Walsh, A. S., and O'Neill, M., 2005, Forging a link between 3D object ordination and 3D object recognition, in MacLeod, N. (ed.),  Algorithmic Approaches to the Identification Problem in Systematics, London, p. 5.

  119. Nestell, M. K. and MacLeod, N., 1984, Mid-Permian fusuline limestones juxtaposed with Late Triassic radiolarian cherts from the northeastern edge of the Canyon Mountain Ophiolite Complex, John Day, Oregon: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 16, no. 6, p. A610.

  120. Polly, P. D., and MacLeod, N., 2006, Characterization and comparison of 3D shapes using eigensurface analysis: locomotion in Tertiary Carnivora: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 26, no. Supplement to No. 3, p. 111A.

  121. Richter, M., MacLeod, N., and Rissoné, A., in press, Large-museum specimen databases: past, present and future, in North American Paleontological Convention, Halifax, Nova Scotia.

  122. Rissoné, A., MacLeod, N., and Richter, M., in press, Taxonomic databases: new directions and new standards, in North American Paleontological Convention, Halifax, Nova Scotia.

  123. Smith, U., Todd, J., and MacLeod, N., 2003, Applying geometric morphometrics to sibling species of Polystira (Gastropoda: Turridae): The Geological Society of America, Abstracts and Programs, v. 36, no. 6.

  124. Thomason, J. J. and MacLeod, N., 1996, Functional morphometry of the carnivoran cranium: eigenshape analysis of bone distribution: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 12, Supplement No. 3.

  125. Walsh, S. A., MacLeod, N., and O'Neill, M. A., 2004, Analysis of spheniscid tarsometatarsus and humerus morphological variability using DAISY automated digital image recognition: Society of Vertebrate Palaeontology and Comparative Anatomy: 2004 Meeting Abstracts, p. 45-46.

  126. Walsh, S. A., MacLeod, N., and O'Neill, M. A., 2004, Darwin versus The Matrix: does artificial intelligence have a place in vertebrate palaeontology?, in 52nd Symposium of Vertebrate Palaeontology and Comparative Anatomy, Leicester, p. 28.

  127. Walsh, S. A., MacLeod, N., and O'Neill, M., 2005, Using the DAISY uANN to solve problems in fossil Penguin identification, in MacLeod, N. (ed.), Algorithmic Approaches to the Identification Problem in Systematics, London, p. 8–9.

  128. Whitfield, J. A. and MacLeod, N., 1996, Routes to sociality in Pemphigus (Hemiptera: Pemphigidae) morphometric clues, in XX International Congress of Entomology, Pisa, Italy, p. 245.

  • Popular Works
  1. MacLeod, N., 2006, Introduction: A fistfull of foraminifera, in Crawford, R., ed., Contemporary poetry and contemporary science: Oxford, Oxford Univer-sity Press, p. 141–142.

  2. MacLeod, N., 2006, History repeating itself, The ship: the art of climate change (Exhibition Programme): London, Natural History Museum (London), p. 4.