International Commission on Zoological NomenclatureINTERNATIONAL CODE OF ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE online
International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature |
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Chapter 1: Zoological nomenclature |
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Chapter 2: The number of words in the scientific names of animals |
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Chapter 3: Criteria of publication |
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Chapter 4: Criteria of availability |
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Chapter 5: Date of publication |
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Chapter 6: Validity of names and nomenclatural acts |
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Chapter 7: Formation and treatment of names |
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Chapter 8: Family-group nominal taxa and their names |
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Chapter 9: Genus-group nominal taxa and their names |
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Chapter 10: Species-group nominal taxa and their names |
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Chapter 11: Authorship |
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Chapter 12: Homonymy |
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Chapter 13: The type concept in nomenclature |
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Chapter 14: Types in the family group |
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Chapter 15: Types in the genus group |
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Chapter 16: Types in the species group |
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Article 71. Application |
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Article 72. General provisions |
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72.1. Use of the term "type" relating to specimens |
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72.2. Fixation of the name-bearing types from type series of nominal species-group taxa established before 2000 |
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72.3. Name-bearing types must be fixed originally for nominal species-group taxa established after 1999 |
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72.4. Type series |
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72.5. Eligibility as name-bearing types |
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72.6. Specimens that are already name-bearing types |
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72.7. Name-bearing types of nominal species-group taxa denoted by new replacement names (nomina nova) |
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72.8. Name-bearing types of nominotypical subspecies |
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72.9. Union of nominal species-group taxa |
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72.10. Value of name-bearing types |
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Article 73. Name-bearing types fixed in the original publication (holotypes and syntypes) |
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73.1. Holotypes |
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73.2. Syntypes |
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73.3. Hapantotypes |
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Article 74. Name-bearing types fixed subsequently from the type series (lectotypes from syntypes) |
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74.1. Designation of a lectotype |
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74.2. Lectotype found not to have been a syntype |
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74.3. Designation to be individual |
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74.4. Designation by means of an illustration or description |
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74.5. Lectotype designations before 2000 |
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74.6. Fixation of lectotype by inference of "holotype" or "the type" before 2000 |
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74.7. Lectotype designations after 1999 |
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Article 75. Neotypes |
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75.1. Definition |
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75.2. Circumstances excluded |
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75.3. Qualifying conditions |
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75.4. Priority |
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75.5. Replacement of unidentifiable name-bearing type by a neotype |
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75.6. Conservation of prevailing usage by a neotype |
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75.7. Status of neotypes designated before 1961 |
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75.8. Status of rediscovered former name-bearing types |
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Article 76. Type locality |
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76.1. Definition |
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76A. Type localities |
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76.2. Type locality determined by the lectotype |
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76.3. Type locality determined by the neotype |
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Chapter 17: The International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature |
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Chapter 18: Regulations governing this code |
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