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Research and curation
- Research
  - Research groups
    - Cetacean strandings project
      - How to report a stranding
        
        Safety issues
      - Why are we monitoring strandings
      - How did the strandings project start?
      - UK species list
    - Historical marine collections
      - NHM collections
        
        British coralline algae
        
        Bryozoans
        
        Buckley
        
        Chagos Islands coral
        
        Discovery
        
        Linking foram slides wth ocean bottom samples
        
        HMS Challenger
        
        Challenger ocean bottom deposits and residues
        
        Linking specimens with ocean bottom samples
        
        Heron-Allen slides
        
        Ocean bottom deposits
        
        Ocean bottom residues
        
        Online resources
        
        Collection databases and resources
        
        Station databases
        
        Museum archives
      - Other institutions
        
        National Museum Wales
        
        Mollusca collection
        
        Non-molluscan invertebrates collection
        
        Geology and palaeontology collections
        
        British Geological Survey
        
        Borehole core collections
        
        Palaontology collections
        
        National Museums Scotland
        
        Historical survey collections
        
        Recent survey collections
        
        Non-survey collections
        
        Bangor University
        
        Zoology Museum, University of Cambridge
        
        Dry Invertebrate Store taxa
        
        MacAndrew Collection
      - Calcified taxa
        
        Algae
        
        Brachiopods
        
        Bryozoans
        
        Cnidarians
        
        Echinoderms
        
        Forams
        
        Molluscs
        
        Ostracods
        
        Sponges
    - Mitten crabs
      - About mitten crabs
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Full classification
        
        Taxonomic history
        
        Systematics
        
        Related species and genera
        
        Identification
        
        Introduction mechanisms
        
        Distribution
        
        European distribution
        
        British and Irish distribution
        
        North American distribution
        
        Middle Eastern distribution
      - Commercial exploitation
        
        Fieldwork video
        
        Lab work video
      - Research team
    - NaNoRISK
      - Why research nanotoxicity?
      - Projects
        
        Nanoparticle hazards
        
        Model nanoparticles
        
        NanoReTox
        
        Reactivity and ecotoxicity
        
        Hydroxylapatite nanoparticles
      - NaNoRISK team
  - Research projects
    - AlgaeVision
      - Search database
      - About algae
      - About the database
      - Acknowledgements
    - Atlantic ostracods
      - Introduction
      - Atlas
        
        Browse Atlas
      - Ostracods
        
        Carapace
        
        limbs
      - Authors
        
        Martin Angel
        
        k-blach
        
        Vladimir Chatur
      - Acknowledgements
    - British insect miners
      - Database
      - Fly miners
        
        Checklists of fly miners
        
        Search database
        
        Browse host plants
      - Other insect miners
        
        Checklists of insect miners
        
        Search database
      - Host plants
        
        Browse host plants
        
        Search database
      - Parasitoids
        
        Browse parasitoids
        
        Search database
      - Methods
      - References
      - Insect Index
    - Cestode life cycle database
      - Search the database
      - Glossary
      - Overview
      - Acknowledgments
    - The Cockayne collection
      - Cockayne database: Taxon search
      - Cockayne database: Specimen search
      - Cockayne database: Typical British moths
      - Cockayne database: Typical British butterflies
      - Notes on the database
      - About the Cockayne collection
      - The Cockayne Trust
      - Cockayne Fellowship
      - The Rothschild Cockayne Kettlewell Collection
    - Distribution of British fleas database
      - Search database
      - Flea biology
      - Flea morphology
    - ENHSIN
      - Summary
      - Background
      - Documents
      - Contacts
    - Identification key to species of myiasis-causing fly larvae
      - Introduction to myiasis
      - Launch the key to myiasis-causing larvae
      - How to use the key
      - Collecting and processing specimens
    - Linnaeus Link
      - Project description
      - Partners
      - Documents
        
        Bibliography and index
        
        Collections survey form
      - Funding
      - Links
    - P4
    - Photonics in nature
    - Plants and fungi used in homeopathy
      - Search database
      - Guide to interpreting database results
      - Naming of plants
      - Background to the homeopathy database
      - Glossary
      - Selected references
      - Acknowledgements
    - Xaté palms in Belize
      - Taxonomy
      - Outputs
      - Participants
      - References
      - Background
    - Tetrapod GIS databases
    - Host-parasite database
      - Search database
    - Evolution of centipedes
      - Centipede phylogeny
        
        Publications
        
        Datasets
        
        Centipede images
      - Scutigeromorph centipedes
        
        Distribution maps
        
        Publications
        
        Datasets
        
        Scutigeromorph images
    - Dipterocarps
      - The insect host database
      - The system under study
      - Dipterocarp fruiting
      - Seed predation
      - Collecting insects from dipterocarp seeds
        
        Rearing larvae
        
        Sampling fruit
      - Research team
    - Dictionary of UK species
      - Search checklists
      - Search for a UK species
      - Browse UK species
      - About the dictionary
        
        Using the database
        
        About the content
        
        Contributors
        
        Limitations of the Dictionary
        
        Using the data
        
        Terms and conditions
        
        How to contribute
        
        Association with the National Biodiversity Network
        
        Credits and acknowledgments
      - Glossary
  - Research seminars and events
  - Biodiversity
    - Ecosystems projects
      - Agricultural
      - Deserts and drylands
      - Forest
      - Marine and coastal
      - Inland Water
    - Activities
      - Access to information
      - Alien species
      - Climate change
      - Education and awareness
      - Environmental impact assessment
      - Environmental indicators
      - Plant conservation
      - Protected areas projects
      - Scientific cooperation
      - Sustainable use
      - Traditional knowledge
    - The role of taxonomy
    - UK Biodiversity Programme
      - UK Biodiversity Research
      - Partnership projects
      - The National Biodiversity Network
    - Convention on Biological Diversity
      - Frequently asked questions
    - Global Taxonomic Intiative
      - National Focal Point
      - UK taxonomic needs assessment
      - Register of UK taxonomic expertise
      - GTI Programme of Work
    - Symposium on Borneo Biodiversity
- Collections
  - Collections management
    - Collections policy procedures
    - Collections Navigator
    - Collections management consulting
  - Curation groups
    - Museum Lives
    - SCAN: Schistosomiasis Collection at the Museum
      - Schistosomiasis
        
        Schistosomiasis mansoni
      - Research partnership
      - Team
  - Online collections
  - Departmental collections
    - Botany collections
      - Collections management
      - Statistics
      - Historical collections
        
        Sloane Herbarium
        
        Banks Herbarium
        
        Curation
        
        Access to the collections
      - Algal collections
        
        Statistics
        
        Curation
        
        Access to the collections
      - Bryophyte collections
        
        Statistics
        
        British collections
        
        International collections
        
        Curation
      - Diatom collections
        
        Historic collections
        
        International collections
        
        British collections
        
        Published sets
        
        Curation
        
        Access to the collections
      - Fern collections
        
        Statistics
        
        Major collections
        
        Curation
      - Lichen collections
        
        Herbaria
        
        Historic collections
      - Seed plant collections
        
        Statistics
        
        Major collections
        
        Curation
        
        Darwin Centre
      - Pollen collections
        
        Curation
      - Molecular collections
        
        Curation
      - Search database
    - Entomology collections
      - Search database
    - Mineralogy collections
      - Meteorite collections
      - Rock collections
      - Mineral collections
      - Ore collections
      - Ocean bottom deposit collection
      - Gemstone collections
      - Mineralogy specimen database
      - Search the database
    - Zoology collections
      - About the collections
      - Collections management
      - Collecting priorities
        
        Collection development
      - Online access
      - Visits
        
        Who can visit?
        
        Scientists and research students
        
        How to arrange a research visit
        
        Visiting hours and restrictions
        
        Visiting other departments during your visit
        
        Comparative studies
        
        Specimen loans to research visitors
        
        Support offered to research visitors
        
        Visitor responsibilities
        
        Contacting us
        
        Amateur naturalists
        
        Artists
        
        Volunteers and work experience applicants
        
        Collections management and museum studies groups
        
        Zoology collection visitor information
        
        Accommodation
        
        Facility fees
        
        Personal insurance and visas
      - Loans
        
        Research loans
        
        Exhibition loans
      - Enquiries
      - Consultancy
      - Acquisitions, bequests, donations
      - Search database
    - Library collections
    - Palaeontology collections
      - Fossil invertebrate collections
        
        Fossil annelid collection
        
        Historic collections
        
        Research visitor facilities
        
        Brachiopod collection
        
        Historic collections
        
        Research visitor facilities
        
        Fossil mollusc collection
        
        Historic collections
        
        Research visitor facilities
        
        Fossil sponge collection
        
        Historic collections
        
        Research visitor facilities
      - Micropalaeontology collections
        
        About the collection
        
        Large donated microfossil collections
        
        Foraminifera collections
        
        Palynology collections
        
        Nannoplankton collections
        
        Ostracod collections
        
        Radiolarian collection
        
        Fossil conodont collection
        
        Micropalaeontology library
        
        Digital imaging facilities for micropalaeontology
        
        Fully focused colour composite images
        
        Confocal laser scanning microscopy
      - Palaeobotany collections
        
        Historic collections
        
        Research visits
      - Fossil vertebrate collections
        
        Fossil mammal collections
        
        International collections
        
        British collection
        
        Research visits
        
        Fossil fish collection
        
        Major and historic collections
        
        Fossil bird collection
        
        Archaeopteryx
        
        Ratites
        
        Cenozoic birds
        
        Fossil reptile collections
        
        Marine reptile collection
        
        Lepidosaur collection
        
        Dinosaur collection
        
        Cretaceous dinosaur material
        
        Jurassic dinosaur material
        
        Anapsid and synapsid collections
        
        The pterosaur collection
        
        The crocodylomorph and early archosaur collections
        
        Fossil amphibian collection
        
        Palaeozoic amphibians
        
        Mesozoic and Cenozoic amphibians
      - Search database
  - Collections management seminars
  - Scientific enquiries
    - Botany collections staff
    - Entomology collections staff
    - Mineralogy collections staff
    - Palaeontology collections staff
    - Zoology collections staff
- Departments
  - Botany
    - About us
      - Collections
      - Research
        
        Evolutionary geobiology of land plants
        
        GIS-related studies
        
        Algal research
        
        Bryophyte research
        
        Diatom research
        
        Fern research
        
        Lichen research
        
        Seed plant research
      - Departmental information
      - Facilities
      - Sister institutes
      - Darwin Centre
    - Collections
    - Research
    - Organisms
      - Algae
        
        Groups
        
        Blue-green algae
        
        Brown algae
        
        Diatoms
        
        Golden-brown algae
        
        Euglenoids
        
        Green algae
        
        Red algae
        
        Yellow-green algae
        
        Algal research
        
        Red algal systematics
        
        Bangiales phylogeny
        
        Porphyra genome
        
        Coralline taxonomy
        
        Mapping the UK seaweed flora
        
        Somerset seaweeds
        
        Global Seaweed Network
        
        Staff studying algae
        
        Algal collections
      - Bryophytes
        
        Habitats
        
        Bryophyte research
        
        Bryophytes of the Mascarenes
        
        Liverwort phylogeny and DNA taxonomy
        
        Staff studying bryophytes
        
        Bryophte collections
      - Diatoms
        
        Habitats
        
        Diatom research
        
        Pleurosigmataceae studies
        
        Diatom systematics and wall ontogeny
        
        Freshwater diatom comparative biology
        
        Species-rich taxa
        
        Biodiversity origin and distribution
        
        Significance of historical collections
        
        Geographical diversity
        
        Staff studying diatoms
        
        Diatom collections
      - Ferns and lycophytes
        
        About ferns
        
        About lycophytes
        
        Life cycle
        
        Fern research
        
        Current projects
        
        Evolution of fern diversity
        
        Phylogeography of European ferns
        
        Fern diversity on oceanic islands
        
        Apomixis in ferns
        
        Ferns and diversity hotspots
        
        Taxonomy and classification
        
        Homoploid hybrid speciation
        
        Staff studying ferns
        
        Fern collections
      - Lichens
        
        Habitats
        
        Lichen collections
      - Seed plants
        
        Groups
        
        Habitats
        
        Evolution
        
        The impact of seed plants on our lives
        
        Seed plant research
        
        Current projects
        
        Convolvulaceae systematics
        
        Flora Mesoamericana
        
        Macaronesian plant diversity
        
        Solanaceae systematics
        
        Significance of historical collections
        
        Central America conservation tools
        
        Urticaceae systematics
        
        Staff studying seed plants
        
        Seed plant collections
      - Slime moulds
    - News and events
      - Botany news blog
      - Botany news 2010
        
        New species in old collections
        
        Cretaceous African life captured in amber
        
        PhD student wins prize
        
        Hunt for wild spiny aubergines
        
        Aubergines in china
        
        Discovering antartic lichens
      - Botany news 2009
        
        Appointments and awards (Winter 2009)
        
        Peter Stafford (1961-2009)
        
        Antarctic lichen biodiversity
        
        Dr Knapp receives award
        
        Niche evolution
        
        Cambridge Darwin Festival
        
        Chris Humphries (1947-2009)
  - Entomology
    - About us
    - Books and journals
      - Systematic Entomology
      - Entomology bulletin
  - Mineralogy
    - About us
    - Contact and enquiries
    - Research groups
      - Mineral systematics
      - Petrology and Petrogenesis
      - Origin of ore deposits
      - Soils
      - Environmental mineralogy
      - Organisms and metals
      - Meteoritics
  - Palaeontology
    - About us
      - History of the department
      - Staff
        
        Scientific staff
    - Research
      - Anthropology research
        
        AHOB project
        
        RESET project
        
        Cemeteries and sedentism in the Epipalaeolithic of North Africa
        
        Tooth enamel as an archive of early life experiences
        
        Staff engaged in anthropology research
      - Vertebrate research
        
        Fish research
        
        Evolution and development of vertebrate structures
        
        Paleogene fish fauna
        
        Evolution of sharks
        
        Dinosaur research
        
        Biomechanics and palaeobiology
        
        Evolution of Ornithischian quadrupedality
        
        Skull mechanics in sauropodomorph dinosaurs
        
        Macroevolution, macroecology and fossil record
        
        Dinosaur herbivory
        
        Plant-dinosaur interactions
        
        Dinosaur taxonomy and systematics
        
        Basal ornithischian dinosaurs
        
        Iguanodontian dinosaurs
        
        Sauropodomorph dinosaurs
        
        Quaternary mammal research
        
        Evolution and taxonomy of Ice Age deer
        
        Dwarfing of fossil mammals on Mediterranean islands
        
        Extinction of large mammals in the Late Quaternary Ice Age
        
        Taxonomic status of living elephants
        
        African elephants
        
        Asian elephants
        
        Mammoth evolution as a model for species origins
        
        Ancient DNA clues to systematics and domestication
        
        Ancient DNA limitations and solutions
        
        Staff studying vertebrates
      - Invertebrate research
        
        Arthropod research
        
        Arthropod phylogeny
        
        Trilobite research
        
        Ostracod research
        
        Centipede systematics
        
        Bryozoan research
        
        Bryozoan phylogeny
        
        Skeletal mineralogy and ocean acidification
        
        Mesozoic bryozoans
        
        MART analysis
        
        Echinoderm research
        
        Taxonomy, palaeobiology and evolution of echinoids
        
        The Echinoid Directory
        
        Crinoid systematics
        
        Origin of the modern body plan
        
        Research on reef corals and coral reefs
        
        Caribbean Oligocene-Miocene-transition
        
        Human impacts on coral reefs
        
        Conulariid research
      - Micropalaeontology research
        
        Conodont research
    - Collections
    - Information centre
      - News centre
        
        News
        
        Set in stone
        
        Newsletter archive
        
        Annual reports
      - Marsh Palaeontology Award
      - Professional bodies
      - Citizen science
  - Zoology
    - Bird Group
      - Bird Group staff
      - Bird types catalogue
      - Useful references
  - Centre for Arts and Humanities Research
    - Collections, arts and humanities
    - Projects and partnerships
      - Museum lives
      - Scott exhibition
      - Wallich and Indian natural history
    - Team
  - Science Directorate
    - Director of Science
      - Professor Ian Owens
    - Staff
    - Staff publications list
  - Library and Information Services
- Policy and strategy
  - Science review 2010
  - Science review 2009
    - Introduction
    - Collections
      - Collections
      - Electronic Museum
    - Tree of life
      - Assembling the Tree of life
      - Using and contributing to the Tree of life
      - Caecilian amphibians in South India
    - Diversity, evolution, environment
      - Evolutionary geobiology
        
        Tree ferns of Madagasgar
      - Bird brain evolution
    - What determines biodiversity?
      - Ancient humans
        
        Neandethals in Gibraltar
        
        Tracing evolution using genetics
        
        Dating using volcanic dust
        
        Human evolution
      - Extinction of Mammoths
      - Evolution of hearing in birds
      - Co-evolution
    - Tropical diseases
      - Parasitic worms
      - Neglected tropical diseases
        
        Schistosomiasis
- Library and Archives
  - Library notices
  - Enquiries and contacts
  - Museum archives
    - About the archive
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    - Sources
    - Our building
    - Catalogue
  - Botany library
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  - Earth science library
  - Entomology library
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- Staff directory
- NHM Consulting
  - Analytical and imaging facilities
    - Recent projects
  - Biomedical
    - Recent contracts
  - Coastal and marine environmental assessment
    - Recent Projects
  - Collections management
    - Recent projects
  - Engineering geology
    - Recent projects
  - Expert witness services
    - Recent contracts
  - Freshwater and terrestrial environmental assessment
    - Recent projects
  - Mining
    - Recent projects
  - Petroleum
    - Recent projects
  - Forensic science
    - Forensic anthropology
      - How can we help you?
      - Investigations
      - Team
    - Forensic entomology
      - Investigations
      - Team
    - Additional forensic services
- Science facilities
  - Imaging and Analysis Centre
    - Chemical analysis
      - Inductively coupled plasma techniques
        
        ICP-AES
        
        ICP-MS
      - Ion chromatography
      - CHN elemental analysis
    - Micro-analysis
      - Electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA)
        
        Cameca SX100 examples
        
        Providing samples for analysis
        
        Sample preparation
      - Laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS)
        
        LA-ICP-MS examples
        
        Providing samples for analysis
      - SEM with X-ray analysis
    - Imaging and tomography
      - Computed tomography
        
        Basic principles of CT
        
        Micro-CT
        
        Scanning requests, costs and protocol
        
        Metris X-Tek HMX ST 225 CT system
        
        Micro-CT examples
        
        Mummified cat
        
        Rhinoceros beetle
        
        Goldcrest skull
        
        Fossilised leaf
        
        Glass squid
        
        Barn owl skull
        
        Gerrhonotus
        
        Allende
        
        Pocillopora coral
        
        Rock core
        
        3D fossil snail
        
        Caecilian
        
        Software workshops
        
        Reflection nano-CT
        
        How it works
        
        Nano-CT examples
        
        Mite
        
        Bryozoan
        
        Foram
        
        Barley seed
        
        Sugar cane leaf
      - Confocal microscopy
      - High resolution SEM
        
        Philips XL30 SEM
        
        Philips XL30 examples
        
        Ultra Plus SEM
        
        Ultra Plus examples
      - Variable pressure SEM
        
        LEO 1455 VP SEM
        
        LEO 1455 VP examples
        
        Zeiss EVO 15LS SEM
        
        Ultra plus SEM
      - SEM with X-ray analysis
        
        LEO 1455 VP SEM
        
        Zeiss EVO 15LS SEM
        
        Applications of Zeiss EVO 15LS SEM
        
        Zeiss EVO 15LS examples
        
        Biological specimen images
        
        Images of large, unprepared samples
        
        Digital elevation models
        
        Backscattered electron images
        
        Mineral analysis
        
        Elemental maps of polished sections
        
        X-ray mapping of museum specimens
        
        Mineral abundance measurements
        
        Grain composition analysis
        
        WDX scans
        
        Cathodoluminescence images
        
        Ultra plus SEM
        
        EDX analysis
      - Transmission electron microscopy
    - Team
  - Molecular laboratories
    - Working in the molecular laboratories
      - Good laboratory practice
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      - Ordering
    - Services and facilities
      - Sequencing
      - Training
        
        teaching-resources
      - Equipment
    - About us
      - Molecular biology committee
    - Research
    - FAQs
- Postgraduate learning
  - General information
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    - Liaison officers
    - Student facilities
    - Grants and Awards
    - Student feedback
  - PhD
    - Studentships 2012
    - Studentships 2011
    - Studentships 2010
    - Studentships 2009
      - Changes to soil organic carbon lability following ingestion by Cubitermes fungifaber (Isoptera: Termitidae)
      - Of large and small fish: testing ecological speciation in Lake Tanganyika cichlids
      - The evolution of wood-feeding and fungal symbiosis in weevils
    - Studentships 2007
      - Land snail faunas
      - Biomphalaria
      - Micro beetles
      - Tropical seashores
      - Caecilian evolution
      - Earthworms and termites
    - Studentships 2006
    - Research themes
  - MSc Taxonomy and Biodiversity
    - MSc aims and objectives
    - MSc course structure
    - Entry requirements
    - Fees and bursaries
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  - MRes Biosystematics
    - Aims and objectives
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    - Studentships, bursaries and fees
    - Course coordinators
- Seminars and events
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- Major collaborations
- News

Visit us
- What's on
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  - Temporary exhibitions
    - Animal Inside Out
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    - Wild Planet
      - Wild Planet store
    - Veolia Environnement Wildlife Photographer of the Year 2011 exhibition
  - After hours
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    - Crime Scene Live
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  - Dino Snores sleepovers for kids
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  - Special events
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  - Red Zone
    - Visions of Earth
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  - Green Zone
    - Central Hall
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      - Tree highlights
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  - Orange Zone
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- Eating and drinking
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- History and architecture
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        Description
      - Rigidipenna inexpectata
        
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        Taxonomy
        
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        Morphology
        
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        Dwarf elephants
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        Viruses and the termination of blooms
        
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        Distribution and habitat
        
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        Distribution and ecology
        
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        References
      - Lingula anatina
        
        Taxonomy
        
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        Behaviour
        
        References
      - Platycoma sudafricana
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
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        Distribution and habitat
        
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        Evolutionary developmental studies
        
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      - Tennysonia stellata (Tennyson’s star bryozoan)
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Evolution
        
        Distribution and habitat
        
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      - Varanus prisca (giant monitor lizard)
        
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      - Xanthoria parietina (golden shield lichen)
        
        Structure and taxonomy
        
        Habitat and distribution
        
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    - Habitat loss
      - Acarospora sinopica
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and habitat
        
        Biology
        
        References
      - Achias rothschildi
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
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      - Aeshna isosceles (Norfolk hawker)
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
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        Conservation
      - Agrias claudina
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and habitat
        
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      - Angiopteris evecta (giant fern or king fern)
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and habitat
        
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        References
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        Distribution and ecology
        
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        Behaviour
        
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        Taxonomy
        
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        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and habitat
        
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        Conservation
        
        References
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        Taxonomy
        
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        References
      - Bombylius major (large bee fly)
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
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        Behaviour
        
        References
      - Carabus olympiae
        
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        Conservation
        
        References
      - Convolvulus vidalii
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution
        
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        References
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        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
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        Distribution and ecology
        
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        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and habitat
        
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        Conservation
        
        References
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        Distribution and ecology
        
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        Behaviour
        
        Conservation
      - Eliurus webbi (Webb’s tufted-tailed rat)
        
        Distribution and habitat
        
        Biology
        
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        References
      - Endocarpon pusillum (hedwig)
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        Conservation
        
        References
      - Euphrasia grandiflora (Azorean eyebright)
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Conservation
      - Hymenolaimus malacorhynchos (blue duck, whio)
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        Behaviour
        
        Conservation
        
        References
      - Leiomitrium plicatum
        
        Morphology
        
        Relatives
        
        Distribution and habitat
      - Littoraria scabra
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution
        
        Biology
        
        Behaviour
        
        Conservation
        
        References
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        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        Behaviour
        
        Conservation
        
        References
      - Myotis daubentonii (Daubenton’s bat)
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        Conservation
      - Ornithoptera alexandrae (Queen Alexandra’s birdwing)
        
        biology
        
        conservation
      - Panulirus argus (Caribbean spiny lobster)
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        Behaviour
        
        Fishery
        
        References
      - Rasta lamyi
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution, habitat and conservation
        
        Biology
      - Sabethes gymnothorax
        
        Biology
      - Papilio dardanus (the flying handkerchief, mocker swallowtail)
        
        research-projects
        
        Geographic variation
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        Behaviour
        
        References
      - Tabebuia aurea
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        References
      - Terebralia palustris
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        Behaviour
        
        Conservation
        
        References
      - Theraphosa blondi (Goliath bird-eating spider)
        
        Behaviour
      - Titanus giganteus
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        Behaviour
        
        Conservation
        
        Size and appearance
      - Urania sloanus
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Diagnostic description
        
        Lookalikes
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Host plant
        
        Conservation
        
        Biology
        
        References
      - Isoetes biafrana
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        Conservation
    - Economic impact
      - Agathiphaga vitiensis
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and habitat
        
        Biology
        
        References
      - Aleurodicus dispersus (spiralling whitefly)
        
        Habitat and distribution
        
        Biology
        
        Management
        
        References
      - Azolla filiculoides
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        Uses
        
        Conservation
        
        References
      - Buddenbrockia plumatellae
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Habitat and distribution
        
        Infected hosts
        
        References
      - Ceiba chodatii
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
      - Conopeum seurati
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Reproduction
        
        References
      - Dendrolimus pini (pine-tree lappet moth)
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Biology
        
        References
      - Derogenes varicus
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Biology
        
        Motile larvae
        
        Distribution and habitat
      - Fredericella sultana
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        Reproduction and dispersal
        
        Behaviour
        
        References
      - Hedera helix (ivy)
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        Behaviour
      - Ilex paraguariensis (yerba mate)
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        Ethnobotanical use
        
        References
      - Lophopus crystallinus (bellflower animal or crystal moss animal)
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        Diseases
        
        Conservation
        
        References
      - Cockchafer or May Bug (Melolontha melolontha)
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and habitat
        
        Biology
        
        Behaviour
        
        Conservation
        
        References
      - Paralecanium expansum metallicum (scale insect)
        
        Distribution and habitat
        
        Biology
      - Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        Reproduction and dispersal
        
        Lifecycle
        
        References
      - Welwitschia mirabilis
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        The collector
        
        Conservation
        
        References
    - Invasive species
      - Argulus japonicus
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution
        
        Biology
        
        Behaviour
        
        References
      - Cameraria ohridella
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        Conservation
        
        References
      - Corella eumyota (orange-tipped sea squirt)
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        Conservation
        
        References
      - Ectoedemia heringella
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        References
      - Eriocheir sinensis (Chinese mitten crab)
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Life history
        
        Distribution
        
        Ecology
        
        Associations
        
        Management
        
        References
      - Ips typographus
        
        Biology
        
        Behaviour
        
        Future study and control
        
        References
      - Leptoglossus occidentalis
        
        Taxonomy
      - Parkinsonia aculeata
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        References
      - Pulvinaria regalis
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        Conservation
        
        References
      - Sminthurus viridis (lucerne flea)
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        Behaviour
        
        References
      - Steatoda nobilis (false widow spider)
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and habitat
        
        Biology
        
        Conservation
        
        References
  - Collections
    - Curation
      - Crocodylus anthropophagus
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Behaviour
      - Eunoe nodosa
        
        Biology
        
        Curation project
        
        References
      - Raphus cucullatus (dodo)
        
        Habitat
        
        Biology
      - Tachypodoiulus niger (black millipede)
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
    - Our collections
      - Acrocephalus orinus (large-billed reed warbler)
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and habitat
        
        Behaviour
        
        Conservation
        
        References
      - Architeuthis dux (giant squid)
        
        Sightings
        
        Morphology
        
        Distribution and habitat
        
        Locomotion, feeding and predators
        
        References
      - Cetonia aurata (rose chafer)
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and habitat
        
        Biology
        
        Behaviour
        
        Conservation
      - Craterostigmus crabilli
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
      - Cryptonanus chacoensis
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Behaviour and reproduction
        
        Conservation
        
        References
      - Echiostoma barbatum (threadfin dragonfish)
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        References
      - Echinolittorina placida
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and conservation
        
        Biology
        
        Behaviour
      - Ectoedemia heckfordi
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Biology
      - Eumorpha labruscae
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        Behaviour
        
        References
      - Euplectella aspergillum (Venus' flower basket)
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Behaviour and biology
        
        History
        
        Uses
        
        References
      - Gallirallus dieffenbachi (Dieffenbach’s rail)
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution
        
        Biology
        
        Conservation
        
        References
      - Glaucus atlanticus
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
      - Gryphaea obliquata (devil’s toenails)
        
        Biology and ecology
        
        Gryphaea at Lyme Regis
        
        Mary Anning
        
        References
      - Hamadryas feronia
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
      - Hippochrenes amplus
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        Behaviour
        
        References
      - Kukufeldia tilgatensis
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
      - Lecanopteris spinosa
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        Ant – fern association
        
        References
      - Macropanesthia rhinoceros (rhinoceros cockroach)
        
        Distribution and habitat
        
        Biology
        
        Behaviour
        
        References
      - Mandragora caulescens (Himalayan mandrake)
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
      - Megatherium americanum (giant ground sloth)
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Reconstructing the skeleton
      - Melopsittacus undulatus (budgerigar)
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        Behaviour
        
        Aviculture
        
        References
      - Microdajus pectinatus
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        Behaviour
      - Nesillas aldabrana (Aldabra brush warbler)
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Behaviour
        
        Conservation
        
        References
      - Paraconularia subtilis
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Behaviour
      - Paradoxides paradoxissus
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Behaviour
        
        Stratigraphy
      - Parides agavus
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        Behaviour
      - Pinguinus impennis (great auk)
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Behaviour
        
        Distribution and habitat
        
        Extinction
      - Pipreola riefferii (green-and-black fruiteater)
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        Conservation
        
        References
      - Plicopurpura pansa
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        Conservation
        
        References
      - Rhopalomyzus lonicerae
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        Conservation
        
        References
      - Thatcheria mirabilis (Japanese wonder shell)
        
        Biology
        
        Interesting facts
      - Vespa crabro (hornet)
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
      - Wodnika striatula (Zechstein shark)
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Evolution
        
        References
      - Cheirotonus parryi
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and habitat
        
        Biology
        
        Behaviour
        
        Conservation
    - Collecting
      - Amphorotia hispida
        
        Morphology
        
        Diagnostic description
        
        Distribution and habitat
        
        References
      - Asplenium nidus
        
        Biology
        
        Canopy ecology
        
        References
      - Canthidium (Eucanthidium) darwini
        
        Taxonomy
      - Chaudhuria ritvae (Ritva's earthworm eel)
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        References
      - Clipeoparvus anatolicus
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and habitat
        
        Palaeoecology
      - Danaea kalevala
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Morphology
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        Conservation
        
        References
      - Danionella dracula
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Lookalikes
        
        Evolution
        
        Distribution and conservation
        
        References
      - Danionella priapus
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Diagnostic description
        
        Morphology
        
        Evolution
        
        Biology and behaviour
        
        Distribution and conservation
        
        References
      - Dendrobaena attemsi
        
        Distribution and conservation
        
        Biology
      - Doryopteris majestosa
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
      - Flustra foliacea
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        References
      - Hospitalitermes hospitalis
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Biology
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        References
      - Idioneurula donegani
        
        Distribution
        
        Habitat
        
        Etymology
        
        Molecular analyses
        
        Conservation
      - Lumbricus terrestris
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        References
      - Macrognathus pavo
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Diagnostic description
        
        Distribution and conservation
        
        Biology and behaviour
        
        References
      - Malagopsis doggeri
        
        Morphology and evolution
        
        Biology
        
        Habitat and distribution
        
        Conservation
        
        References
      - Manunema kithara (nematode worm)
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Biology
        
        Reproduction
        
        Distribution and habitat
      - Nannocharax signifer
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Diagnostic description
        
        Distribution and habitat
        
        References
      - Osedax mucofloris (bone-eating snot-flower worm)
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Evolution
        
        Distribution, habitat and threats
        
        Reproduction
      - Pangio longimanus
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Related species
        
        Distribution and habitat
        
        References
      - Phormidium pseudpriestleyi
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        Behaviour
        
        References
      - Phyllonoma ruscifolia
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Conservation
        
        References
      - Pilea matama
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Biology
        
        References
      - Porphyra umbilicalis
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Reproduction
        
        References
      - Ratnadvipia karui
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and habitat
        
        Biology
        
        Behaviour
        
        Conservation
        
        References
      - Rhinatrema bivittatum (two-lined caecilian)
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        Conservation
        
        References
      - Scolopendropsis duplicata
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Diagnostic description
        
        Distribution, habitat and conservation
        
        Biology
        
        References
      - Solanum aculeastrum
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Lookalikes
        
        Evolution
        
        Distribution and habitat
        
        Biology
        
        Uses
        
        Conservation
        
        References
      - Solanum dulcamara
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        Behaviour
        
        Conservation
        
        References
      - Solanum sanchez-vegae
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and conservation
        
        Biology
      - Solanum sisymbriifolium
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        Conservation
      - Solemya velesiana
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        References
      - Sorolopha bruneiregalis
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Biology
        
        Distribution and ecology
      - Syrrhopodon mahensis
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and habitat
        
        Conservation
        
        References
      - Syzygium aromaticum (clove)
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        Economic uses
        
        References
      - Trentepohlia abietina
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        References
      - Turbo kenwilliamsi
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
      - Urera fenestrata
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Conservation
        
        References
      - Vigtorniella ardabilia (carpet worm)
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and habitat
      - Xylophis captaini (Captain’s wood snake)
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Habitat
        
        Behaviour
        
        Conservation
      - Trichopodiella faurei
        
        Taxonomy and distribution
        
        Evolution
        
        References
      - Solanum phoxocarpum
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Biology
        
        Uses
        
        Conservation
        
        References
  - Scientific advances
    - Disease
      - Anopheles dirus
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
      - Anopheles janconnae
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Morphology
        
        Behaviour
        
        References
      - Anthosoma crassum
        
        Attachment and feeding
        
        Morphology
        
        Distribution
        
        Lifecycle
        
        References
      - Ascaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm)
        
        Biology
        
        Behaviour
      - Biomphalaria choanomphala
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Lookalikes
        
        Evolution
        
        Biology
        
        Dispersal
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Habitat
        
        Population biology
        
        Disease
        
        Disease control
        
        References
      - Bulinus globosus
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and habitat
        
        Parasites
        
        Reproduction
      - Bulinus truncatus
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        Behaviour
        
        References
      - Carnus hemapterus
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and habitat
        
        Biology
        
        Behaviour
        
        References
      - Cristatella mucedo
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and habitat
        
        Biology
        
        Reproduction and dispersal
        
        Behaviour
        
        Associations
        
        Conservation
        
        References
      - Fasciola hepatica (common liver fluke)
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        Behaviour
      - Haematomyzus elephantis
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and habitat
        
        Behaviour
        
        Conservation
      - Hymenolepis microstoma
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and habitat
        
        Biology
        
        Physiology
        
        Lifecycle
        
        Reproduction
        
        References
      - Ixodes ricinus
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and habitat
        
        Biology
        
        Behaviour
        
        Feeding
        
        References
      - Microcystis aeruginosa (cyanobacteria)
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        References
      - Nakiwogo virus
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and habitat
        
        Biology
        
        Disease
        
        References
      - Pediculus humanus
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and habitat
        
        Biology
        
        Behaviour
        
        Significance to humans
      - Phlebotomus papatasi
        
        Diseases
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Evolution
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        References
      - Plasmodium falciparum
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        Disease
      - Schistosoma mansoni
        
        Lifecycle
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Disease
        
        References
      - Scopolia carniolica
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Ethnobotanical use
        
        Biology
        
        References
      - Simulium rubrithorax
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Female
        
        Male
        
        Pupa
        
        Larva
        
        References
      - Simulium yahense
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Eliminating disease
        
        References
      - Strongyloides stercoralis
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        Disease
      - Urtica dioica (common nettle)
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution, habitat and ecology
        
        Uses
      - Wohlfahrtia magnifica (Wohlfahrt’s wound myiasis fly)
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Lookalikes
        
        Distribution and habitat
        
        Biology
        
        Lifecycle
        
        Behaviour
        
        Disease
        
        Conservation
        
        References
      - Xenopsylla cheopis (plague flea)
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        Behaviour
        
        Threats
    - Forensics
      - Calliphora vicina (urban bluebottle blowfly)
        
        Use
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Evolution
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Population biology and management
        
        Biology
        
        Reproduction and lifecycle
        
        Behaviour
        
        Associations
        
        References
    - Bio-control
      - Arachnula impatiens
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and habitat
        
        Biology
        
        Behaviour
        
        References
      - Cheyletus eruditus
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Male
        
        Female
        
        Distribution and habitat
        
        Biology
        
        Life expectancy
        
        Behaviour
        
        Biological control
        
        References
      - Encarsia formosa
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        References
      - Episyrphus balteatus (marmalade hoverfly)
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Biology
        
        Behaviour
        
        References
      - Ophion obscuratus
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution
        
        References
      - Phytoseiulus persimilis
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Lookalikes
        
        Evolution
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Habitat
        
        Population biology
        
        Feeding
        
        Biology
        
        Reproduction
        
        Dispersal
        
        Lifecycle
        
        Biocontrol
        
        References
      - Pseudomicrothorax dubius
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Related species
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Dispersal
        
        A biological indicator?
        
        Biology
        
        Cell structure
        
        Nutrition
        
        Reproduction
        
        Cysts
        
        Behaviour
        
        Associations
        
        References
      - Reduvius personatus
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        References
      - Telenomus dignus
        
        Biology
        
        Biological control
        
        Identification
        
        Hosts
        
        Distribution
        
        References
    - Industry
      - Ananas comosus (pineapple)
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        Uses
        
        References
      - Amphipleura pellucida
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and habitat
        
        Biology
      - Bibio marci
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Biology
        
        Behaviour
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        References
      - Boswellia sacra (frankincense)
        
        Uses
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
      - Bulnesia sarmientoi
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and habitat
        
        References
      - Cereus stenogonus
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        References
      - Chamaedorea ernesti-augusti (fishtail palm)
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and habitat
        
        Biology
        
        Uses
        
        Conservation and threats
      - Desmodesmus subspicatus (pond scum, green weed)
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Behaviour
        
        Uses for green algae
      - Hoodia currorii
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Conservation
        
        References
      - Liquidambar styraciflua (sweetgum)
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
      - Lycopodium clavatum (wolf paw clubmoss)
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Popular uses
        
        Conservation
      - Nitzschia sigmoidea
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        Reproduction
        
        Uses
      - Solanum lycopersicum (cultivated tomato)
        
        Distribution and habitat
        
        Conservation
        
        References
      - Solanum melongena (aubergine)
        
        Taxonomy
        
        Distribution and ecology
        
        Biology
        
        Pollination
        
        Conservation
        
        References
  - Evolution
    - Acherontia atropos (death's-head hawkmoth)
      - Mythology
      - Taxonomy
      - Life cycle
      - Behaviour
      - References
    - Adineta ricciae
      - Taxonomy
      - Biology and habitat
      - References
    - Agalma elegans
      - Taxonomy
        
        Close relatives
      - Distribution
      - Biology
      - Behaviour
        
        Associations
      - References
    - Arabidopsis lyrata (northern rock cress)
      - Taxonomy
      - Distribution and ice-ages
      - Life history and morphology
      - Research topics
      - Conservation
      - References
    - Atretochoana eiselti
      - Taxonomy
      - Distribution and conservation
      - Biology
      - References
    - Archaeopteryx lithographica
      - Dinosaur characteristics
      - Bird characteristics
      - Flight
      - Distribution and ecology
      - Conservation
      - References
    - Azygocypridina lowryi (the 'baked bean')
      - Taxonomy
      - Distribution, habitat and conservation
      - Biology
      - References
    - Batrachotomus kupferzellensis
      - Taxonomy
      - Distribution and ecology
      - References
    - Bradypus tridactylus (pale-throated three-toed sloth)
      - Taxonomy
        
        Evolution
      - Distribution and ecology
      - Biology
      - Behaviour
      - Conservation
      - References
    - Calveriosoma gracile
      - Distribution and ecology
    - Capitulum mitella
      - Morphology
      - Habitat
      - Reproduction and life history
      - Behaviour
      - Associations
    - Cauloramphus disjunctus
      - Evolution
      - Distribution and ecology
      - Biology
      - Behaviour
      - References
    - Cephalaspis lyelli
      - Taxonomy
      - Biology
      - References
    - Cercis siliquastrum (Judas tree)
      - Appearance
      - Taxonomy
      - Distribution and ecology
      - Cultivation
      - Associations
    - Cervalces latifrons
      - Taxonomy
      - Distribution and ecology
      - Biology
      - Behaviour
      - History of the type specimen
      - References
    - Cheirothrix lewisii
      - Fish flight
      - Distribution
      - Behaviour
      - References
    - Clydagnathus cavusformis
      - Biology
    - Coelopleurus (Keraiophorus) exquisitus
    - Columba livia
      - Taxonomy
      - Distribution and ecology
      - Origin and evolution
      - Behaviour and feeding
      - Description
      - References
    - Daidal acanthocercus (proto-mantis shrimp)
      - Taxonomy
        
        Anatomy
        
        Lookalikes
        
        Evolution
      - Distribution and ecology
      - Behaviour
      - References
    - Dimorphodon macronyx
      - Distribution and ecology
      - Biology
      - Behaviour
      - References
    - Euceraphis betulae (silver birch aphid)
      - Taxonomy
      - Distribution and ecology
      - Biology
      - References
    - Equisetum myriochaetum
      - Taxonomy
      - Distribution and habitat
      - Biology
      - References
    - Gigantoproductus giganteus
      - Taxonomy and evolution
      - Distribution and habitat
      - Palaeobiology
    - Eucidaris metularia (sea urchin)
      - Distribution and ecology
      - Biology
    - Harbinia micropapillosa
      - Taxonomy
      - Distribution and habitat
      - Biology
      - Conservation
      - References
    - Hepialus humuli (common ghost moth)
      - Appearance
        
        Variation explanation
      - Biology
      - Distribution and habitat
      - References
    - Hildoceras bifrons
      - Biology
      - Taxonomy
      - Distribution
      - Conservation
      - References
    - Hippopotamus madagascariensis (dwarf hippopotamus)
      - Taxonomy
      - Evolution
      - Distribution and ecology
      - References
    - Homo neanderthalensis
      - Taxonomy
      - Distribution and ecology
      - Behaviour
      - Biology
      - References
    - Icosteus aenigmaticus
      - Taxonomy
      - Distribution and habitat
      - Biology
      - Behaviour
      - Conservation
      - References
    - Latimeria chalumnae
      - Taxonomy
      - Biology and behaviour
      - Conservation
    - Lottia gigantea (owl limpet)
      - Biology
      - Reproduction
      - Behaviour
      - Distribution and abundance
      - References
    - Macropoma lewesiensis
      - Taxonomy
      - Distribution
      - Habitat
      - References
    - Malacosteus niger (stoplight loosejaw)
      - Taxonomy
        
        Evolution
        
        Lookalikes
      - Biology
      - Diet
      - Behaviour
      - Distribution and conservation
      - References
    - Manicina areolata (rose coral)
      - Taxonomy
      - Habitat
      - Reproduction
      - Behaviour
      - References
    - Mantelliceras mantelli
    - Melianthus major (honey bush)
      - Biology
    - Metacrinus rotundus (Japanese sea lily)
      - Appearance and biology
        
        Reproduction and lifecycle
      - Behaviour and ecology
      - References
    - Milichia patrizii (ant-mugging fly)
      - Taxonomy
    - Mimus trifasciatus (Floreana mockingbird)
      - Threats
      - Darwin's specimens help conservation today
      - References
    - Myophorella lusitanica
      - Taxonomy
      - Distribution
      - Biology and ecology
      - References
    - Myrsidea nesomimi (mockingbird louse)
      - Taxonomy
      - Conservation
    - Nannoceratopsis gracilis
      - Morphology
      - Evolution
      - Palaeoenvironment
      - Stratigraphic distribution
      - References
    - Neocrinus decorus
      - Taxonomy
        
        Diagnostic description
        
        Evolution
      - Biology
        
        Reproduction and lifecycle
      - Behaviour
        
        Associations
      - Distribution
      - References
    - Nummulites gizehensis
      - Taxonomy
      - Distribution and ecology
      - Biology
      - Behaviour
    - Ophthalmosaurus icenicus
      - Biology
      - Eyes
      - Behaviour
      - Distribution
      - Habitat
      - References
    - Ornithorhynchus anatinus (platypus)
      - Taxonomy
        
        Evolution
      - Distribution and ecology
      - Biology
        
        Reproduction
      - Behaviour
      - Conservation
      - References
    - Parkinsonia parkinsoni
      - Taxonomy
      - Habitat and distribution
      - Stratigraphy
      - Dr. James Parkinson (1755-1824)
      - References
    - Peloneustes philarchus
      - Biology
      - Distribution
      - Habitat
      - References
    - Pentacrinites fossilis
      - Taxonomy
      - Distribution and ecology
      - Biology
      - Behaviour
      - Conservation
    - Periphylla periphylla
      - Distribution
      - Biology
      - Behaviour
      - References
    - Platynereis dumerilii
      - Taxonomy
      - Evolution
      - Distribution and ecology
      - Biology
      - Uses
      - References
    - Precis octavia (Gaudy commodore)
      - Seasonal Variation
      - Summer form
      - Winter form
      - Intermediate forms
      - Distribution
    - Proisocrinus ruberrimus (Moulin Rouge)
      - Taxonomy
      - Distribution and habitat
      - Biology
        
        Reproduction and lifecycle
      - Behaviour and ecology
    - Protopterus annectens
      - Taxonomy
      - Distribution and ecology
      - Biology
      - References
    - Rediviva emdeorum (bee)
      - Distribution and threats
      - References
    - Seirocrinus subangularis
      - Taxonomy
      - Distribution and habitat
      - Biology
        
        Physiology
      - Behaviour
    - Siphonia koenigi
      - Taxonomy and biology
      - Distribution and conservation
    - Southern tyrant reptile
      - Distribution and ecology
      - Evidence
      - Taxonomy
      - References
    - Tetraplodon mnioides
      - Taxonomy
      - Distribution and habitat
      - Biology
      - Conservation
      - References
    - Trama troglodytes (root aphid)
      - Taxonomy
      - Distribution and ecology
      - Biology
    - Turnagra capensis (South Island or Stephens Island piopio)
      - Taxonomy
      - Biology
      - Behaviour
      - Extinction
      - References
    - Meconema meridionale (southern oak bush-cricket)
      - Taxonomy
      - Distribution and habitat
      - Biology
      - Behaviour
      - References
    - Ginkgo gardneri
      - Distribution and ecology
      - Biology
      - Behaviour
      - Preservation
    - Homo sapiens
      - Evolution
      - Distribution and ecology
      - Biology
      - Behaviour
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  - Common species
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